CROSS-REFERENCE
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No, 63/211,374, filed Jun. 16, 2021, and U.S. Provisional Application No, 63/324,460, filed Mar. 28, 2022, which applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
BACKGROUND
Cardiometabolic disorders are becoming increasingly abundant, and may affect a wide variety of people. Improved therapeutics are needed for treating these disorders.
SUMMARY
Described herein are compositions comprising an oligonucleotide that targets a perilipin. Described herein are compositions comprising an oligonucleotide that targets a perilipin and when administered to a subject in an effective amount reduces a perilipin mRNA or protein level. The perilipin may include perilipin 1 (PLIN1). Described herein are compositions comprising an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount reduces a PLIN1 mRNA or protein level. Described herein, in some embodiments, are compositions comprising an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases circulating cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, apolipoprotein B (APOB), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, or gamma-glutamyl transferase in a subject. In some embodiments, the cholesterol comprises total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol. In some embodiments, the decrease is by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. Described herein, in some embodiments, are compositions comprising an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure in a subject. In some embodiments, the decrease is by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. Described herein, in some embodiments, are compositions comprising an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases a liver fibrosis score, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score. NAFLD activity score, or liver fat percentage in a subject. In some embodiments, the decrease is by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. Described herein, in some embodiments, are compositions comprising an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount increases circulating high density lipoprotein cholesterol or apolipoprotein A1 in a subject. In some embodiments, the increase is by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. Described herein, in some embodiments, are compositions comprising an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount increases left ventricular ejection fraction in a subject. In some embodiments, the increase is by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. Described herein, in some embodiments, are compositions comprising an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount increases insulin sensitivity in a subject. In some embodiments, the increase is by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises a modified internucleoside linkage. In some embodiments, the modified internucleoside linkage comprises alkylphosphonate, phosphorothioate, methylphosphonate, phosphorodithioate, alkylphosphonothioate, phosphoramidate, carbamate, carbonate, phosphate triester, acetamidate, or carboxymethyl ester, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the modified internucleoside linkage comprises one or more phosphorothioate linkages. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 modified internucleoside linkages. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises a modified nucleoside. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a locked nucleic acid (LNA), hexitol nucleic acid (HLA), cyclohexene nucleic acid (CeNA), 2′-methoxyethyl. 2′-O-alkyl, 2′-O-allyl, 2′-O-allyl, 2′-fluoro, or 2′-deoxy, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a LNA. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a 2′,4′ constrained ethyl nucleic acid. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a 2′-O-methyl nucleoside, 2′-deoxyfluoro nucleoside, 2′-O—N-methylacetamido (2′-O-NMA) nucleoside, a 2′-O-dimethylaminoethoxyethyl (2′-O-DMAEOE) nucleoside, 2′-O-aminopropyl (2′-O-AP) nucleoside, or 2′-ara-F, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises one or more 2′ fluoro modified nucleosides. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a 2′ O-alkyl modified nucleoside. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21 modified nucleosides. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises a lipid attached at a 3′ or 5′ terminus of the oligonucleotide. In some embodiments, the lipid comprises cholesterol, myristoyl, palmitoyl, stearoyl, lithocholyl, docosanoyl, docosahexaenoyl, myristyl, palmityl stearyl, or α-tocopherol, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises a sugar moiety attached at a 3′ or 5′ terminus of the oligonucleotide. In some embodiments, the sugar comprises N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), or mannose. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises a small interfering RNA (siRNA) comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand. In some embodiments, the sense strand is 12-30 nucleosides in length. In some embodiments, the antisense strand is 12-30 nucleosides in length. Described herein, in some embodiments, are compositions comprising an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an siRNA comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand is independently about 12-30 nucleosides in length, and at least one of the sense strand and the antisense strand comprises a nucleoside sequence comprising about 12-30 contiguous nucleosides of SEQ ID NO: 6014. In some embodiments, any one of the following is true with regard to the sense strand: all purines comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′ methyl modified pyrimidines; all purines comprise 2′ methyl modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise a mixture of 2° fluoro and 2′ methyl modified pyrimidines; all purines comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise 2′ methyl modified pyrimidines; all pyrimidines comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′ methyl modified purines; all pyrimidines comprise 2′ methyl modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′ methyl modified purines; or all pyrimidines comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise 2′ methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises any one of modification patterns 1S, 2S. 3S, 4S, 5S, 6S, 7S, 8S, 9S, 10S, 11S, 12S, 13S, 14S, 15S, 16S, 17S, 18S, 19S, 20S, 21S, 22S, 23S. 24S, 25S, 26S, 27S, 28S, 29S, 30S, 31S, 32S, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 37S, 38S, 39S, 40S, 41S, 42S, 43S. 44S, 45S, 46S, 47S, 48S, 49S, or 50S. In some embodiments, any one of the following is true with regard to the antisense strand; all purines comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′ methyl modified pyrimidines; all purines comprise 2′ methyl modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′ methyl modified pyrimidines; all purines comprise 2′ methyl modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines; all pyrimidines comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′ methyl modified purines; all pyrimidines comprise 2′ methyl modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′ methyl modified purines; or all pyrimidines comprise 2′ methyl modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises any one of modification patterns 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS, or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises the nucleic acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-2898, and the antisense strand comprises the nucleic acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2899-5796. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). In some embodiments, the ASO is 12-30 nucleosides in length. Described herein, in some embodiments, are compositions comprising an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an ASO about 12-30 nucleosides in length and a nucleoside sequence complementary to about 12-30 contiguous nucleosides of SEQ ID NO: 6014. Some embodiments include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Described herein, in some embodiments, are methods of treating a subject having a cardiometabolic disorder, comprising administering an effective amount of the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the cardiometabolic disorder comprises hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, NAFLD, or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Large-scale human genetic data can improve the success rate of pharmaceutical discovery and development. A Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) detects associations between genetic variants and traits in a population sample, and this improves understanding of the biology of disease and provides evidence of applicable treatments. A GWAS generally utilizes genotyping and/or sequencing data, and often involves an evaluation of millions of genetic variants that are relatively evenly distributed across the genome. The most common GWAS design is the case-control study, which involves comparing variant frequencies in cases versus controls. If a variant has a significantly different frequency in cases versus controls, that variant is considered associated with disease. Association statistics used in a GWAS include p-values, as a measure of statistical significance; odds ratios (OR), as a measure of effect size; or beta coefficients (beta), as a measure of effect size. Researchers often assume an additive genetic model and calculate an allelic odds ratio, which is the increased (or decreased) risk of disease conferred by each additional copy of an allele (compared to carrying no copies of that allele). An additional concept in design and interpretation of GWAS is that of linkage disequilibrium, which is the non-random association of alleles. The presence of linkage disequilibrium can obfuscate which variant is “causal.”
Functional annotation of variants and/or wet lab experimentation is used to identify a causal genetic variant identified via GWAS, and in many cases leads to identification of disease-causing genes. In particular, understanding the functional effect of a causal genetic variant (for example, loss of protein function, gain of protein function, increase in gene expression, or decrease in gene expression) allows that variant to be used as a proxy for therapeutic modulation of the target gene, or to gain insight into potential therapeutic efficacy and safety of a therapeutic that modulates that target.
Identification of such gene-disease associations has provided insights into disease biology and is used to identify novel therapeutic targets for the pharmaceutical industry. In order to translate the therapeutic insights derived from human genetics, disease biology in patients is exogenously ‘programmed’ into replicating the observation from human genetics. There are several options for therapeutic modalities that may be brought to bear in translating therapeutic targets identified via human genetics into novel medicines. These include well established therapeutic modalities such as small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, maturing modalities such as oligonucleotides, and emerging modalities such as gene therapy and gene editing. The choice of therapeutic modality depends on factors such as the location of a target (for example, intracellular, extracellular, or secreted), a relevant tissue (for example, lung or liver) and a relevant indication.
The PLIN1 gene is located on chromosome 15, and encodes perilipin 1 (PLIN1). PLIN1 may include 522 amino acids and have a mass of about 56 kDa. PLIN1 may be an intracellular protein. PLIN1 may associate with the surface of lipid droplets. Phosphorylation of PLIN1 may be involved in mobilization of fats in adipose tissue. PLIN1 may be expressed in liver cells such as hepatocytes, or in fat cells such as white adipocytes. Decreasing PLIN1 expression may increase lipolysis. Alternatively spliced mRNA transcript variants varying in the 5′ UTR, but encoding the same protein, have been found for PLIN1. An example of a PLIN1 amino acid sequence, and further description of PLIN1 is included at uniprot.org under accession no, 060240 (last modified May 5, 2009).
Here it is shown that genetic variant cause inactivation of PLIN1 result in protective associations for cardiometabolic phenotypes including circulating triglyceride levels, circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, circulating low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, statin medication use, myocardial infarction, angina, family history of stroke, and hypertension. Therefore, inhibition of PLIN1 may serve as a therapeutic for treatment of cardiometabolic diseases and disorders such as hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
Disclosed herein are compositions comprising an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1. Where inhibition or targeting of PLIN1 is disclosed, it is contemplated that some embodiments may include inhibiting or targeting a PLIN1 protein or PLIN1 RNA. For example, by inhibiting or targeting an RNA (e.g. mRNA) encoded by the PLIN1 gene using an oligonucleotide described herein, the PLIN1 protein may be inhibited or targeted as a result of there being less production of the PLIN1 protein by translation of the PLIN1 RNA; or a PLIN1 protein may be targeted or inhibited by an oligonucleotide that binds or interacts with a PLIN1 RNA and reduces production of the PLIN1 protein from the PLIN1 RNA. Thus, targeting PLIN1 may refer to binding a PLIN1 RNA and reducing PLIN1 RNA or protein levels. The oligonucleotide may include a small interfering RNA (siRNA) or an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). Administration of the oligonucleotide to a subject may improve (e.g. decrease or increase, depending on the indication or parameter) total circulating cholesterol, circulating non-HDL cholesterol, circulating triglycerides, circulating LDL, circulating hemoglobin A1c, fasting circulating glucose, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, circulating alanine aminotransferase (ALT), circulating aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). NAFLD fibrosis score, liver fat percentage, liver fibrosis score, or NAFLD activity score, or increase circulating HDL, circulating apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), circulating APOB, left ventricular ejection fraction, or insulin sensitivity in the subject. Also provided herein are methods of treating a cardiometabolic disorder by providing an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 to a subject in need thereof.
I. Compositions
Disclosed herein, in some embodiments, are compositions comprising an oligonucleotide. In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1. In some embodiments, the composition consists of an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide reduces PLIN1 mRNA expression in the subject. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide reduces PLIN1 protein expression in the subject. The oligonucleotide may include a small interfering RNA (siRNA) described herein. The oligonucleotide may include an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) described herein. In some embodiments, a composition described herein is used in a method of treating a disorder in a subject in need thereof. Some embodiments relate to a composition comprising an oligonucleotide for use in a method of treating a disorder as described herein. Some embodiments relate to use of a composition comprising an oligonucleotide, in a method of treating a disorder as described herein.
Some embodiments include a composition comprising an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases PLIN1 mRNA or protein levels in a cell, fluid or tissue. In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases PLIN1 mRNA levels in a cell or tissue. In some embodiments, the cell is a hepatocyte. In some embodiments, the cell is an adipocyte. In some embodiments, the cell is an preadipocyte. In some embodiments, the tissue is liver tissue. In some embodiments, the tissue is adipose tissue. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA levels are decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA levels are decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA levels are decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, or about 100%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA levels are decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA levels are decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA levels are decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA levels are decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases PLIN1 protein levels in a cell, fluid or tissue. In some embodiments, the cell is a hepatocyte. In some embodiments, the cell is an adipocyte. In some embodiments, the tissue is liver tissue. In some embodiments, the tissue is adipose tissue. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein levels are decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein levels are decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein levels are decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, or about 100%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein levels are decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments the PLIN1 protein levels are decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein levels are decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein levels are decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount diminishes a cardiometabolic disease phenotype. The cardiometabolic disease may include hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In some embodiments, the cardiometabolic disease phenotype is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the cardiometabolic disease phenotype is decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the cardiometabolic disease phenotype is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, or about 100%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the cardiometabolic disease phenotype is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the cardiometabolic disease phenotype is decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the cardiometabolic disease phenotype is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the cardiometabolic disease phenotype is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount enhances a protective phenotype against a cardiometabolic disease in the subject. The cardiometabolic disease may include hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In some embodiments, the protective phenotype is increased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the protective phenotype is increased by about 10% or more as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the protective phenotype is increased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more about 90% or more, or about 100% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the protective phenotype is increased by about 200% or more, about 300% or more, about 400% or more, about 500% or more, about 600% or more, about 700% or more, about 800% or more about 900% or more, or about 1000% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the protective phenotype is increased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the protective phenotype is increased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the protective phenotype is increased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the protective phenotype is increased by no more than about 200%, no more than about 300%, no more than about 400%, no more than about 500%, no more than about 600%, no more than about 700%, no more than about 800%, no more than about 900%, or no more than about 1000%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the protective phenotype is increased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 600%, 700%, 800%, 900%, or 1000%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases circulating cholesterol in the subject. The circulating cholesterol may include total cholesterol or non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The circulating cholesterol may include total cholesterol. The circulating cholesterol may include non-HDL cholesterol. In some embodiments, the circulating cholesterol is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating cholesterol is decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating cholesterol is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, or about 90% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating cholesterol is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating cholesterol is decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating cholesterol is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating cholesterol is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases circulating low density lipoproteins (LDL) in the subject. In some embodiments, the circulating LDL is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating LDL is decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating LDL is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, or about 90% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating LDL is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating LDL is decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating LDL is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating LDL is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases circulating triglycerides in the subject. In some embodiments, the circulating triglycerides are decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating triglycerides are decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating triglycerides are decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, or about 90% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating triglycerides are decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating triglycerides are decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating triglycerides are decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating triglycerides are decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases circulating hemoglobin A1c in the subject. In some embodiments, the circulating hemoglobin A1c is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating hemoglobin A1c is decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating hemoglobin A1c is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, or about 90% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating hemoglobin A1c is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating hemoglobin A1c is decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating hemoglobin A1c is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating hemoglobin A1c is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases circulating Apolipoprotein B (APOB) in the subject. In some embodiments, the circulating APOB is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating APOB is decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating APOB is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, or about 90% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating APOB is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating APOB is decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating APOB is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating APOB is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases circulating glucose in the subject. The circulating glucose may be fasting circulating glucose. In some embodiments, the circulating glucose is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating glucose is decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating glucose is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, or about 90% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating glucose is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating glucose is decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating glucose is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating glucose is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases blood pressure in the subject. The blood pressure may be systolic blood pressure. The blood pressure may be diastolic blood pressure. In some embodiments, the blood pressure is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the blood pressure is decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the blood pressure is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, or about 90% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the blood pressure is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the blood pressure is decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the blood pressure is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the blood pressure is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases circulating alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the subject. In some embodiments, the circulating ALT is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ALT is decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ALT is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, or about 90% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ALT is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ALT is decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ALT is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ALT is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases circulating aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the subject. In some embodiments, the circulating AST is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating AST is decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating AST is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, or about 90% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating AST is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating AST is decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating AST is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating AST is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases circulating alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the subject. In some embodiments, the circulating ALP is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ALP is decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ALP is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, or about 90% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ALP is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ALP is decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ALP is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ALP is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases circulating gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in the subject. In some embodiments, the circulating GGT is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating GGT is decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating GGT is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, or about 90% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating GGT is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating GGT is decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating GGT is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating GGT is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score in the subject. In some embodiments, the NAFLD fibrosis score is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the NAFLD fibrosis score is decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the NAFLD fibrosis score is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, or about 90% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the NAFLD fibrosis score is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the NAFLD fibrosis score is decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the NAFLD fibrosis score is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the NAFLD fibrosis score is decreased by: 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score in the subject. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, or about 90% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases a liver fat percentage in the subject. In some embodiments, the liver fat percentage is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the liver fat percentage is decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the liver fat percentage is decreased by about 20% or more about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, or about 90% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the liver fat percentage is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the liver fat percentage is decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the liver fat percentage is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the liver fat percentage is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount decreases a liver fibrosis score in the subject. In some embodiments, the liver fibrosis score is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the liver fibrosis score is decreased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the liver fibrosis score is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, or about 90% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the liver fibrosis score is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the liver fibrosis score is decreased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the liver fibrosis score is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the liver fibrosis score is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount increases circulating high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the subject. In some embodiments, the circulating HDL is increased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating HDL is increased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating HDL is increased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, or about 100% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating HDL is increased by about 200% or more, about 300% or more, about 400% or more, about 500% or more, about 600% or more, about 700% or more, about 800% or more, about 900% or more, or about 1000% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating HDL is increased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating HDL is increased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating HDL is increased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating HDL is increased by no more than about 200%, no more than about 300%, no more than about 400%, no more than about 500%, no more than about 600%, no more than about 700%, no more than about 800%, no more than about 900%, or no more than about 1000%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating HDL is increased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 600%, 700%, 800%, 900%, or 1000%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount increases circulating apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) in the subject. In some embodiments, the circulating ApoA1 is increased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ApoA1 is increased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ApoA1 is increased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, or about 100% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ApoA1 is increased by about 200% or more, about 300% or more, about 400% or more, about 500% or more, about 600% or more, about 700% or more, about 800% or more, about 900% or more, or about 1000% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ApoA1 is increased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ApoA1 is increased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ApoA1 is increased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ApoA1 is increased by no more than about 200%, no more than about 300%, no more than about 400%, no more than about 500%, no more than about 600%, no more than about 700%, no more than about 800%, no more than about 900%, or no more than about 1000%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the circulating ApoA1 is increased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 600%, 700%, 800%, 900%, or 1000%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount increases insulin sensitivity in the subject. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, or about 100% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by about 200% or more, about 300% or more, about 400% or more, about 500% or more, about 600% or more, about 700% or more, about 800% or more, about 900% or more, or about 1000% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by no more than about 200%, no more than about 300%, no more than about 400%, no more than about 500%, no more than about 600%, no more than about 700%, no more than about 800%, no more than about 900%, or no more than about 1000%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 600%, 700%, 800%, 900%, or 1000%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a subject in an effective amount increases left ventricular ejection fraction in the subject. In some embodiments, the left ventricular ejection fraction is increased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the left ventricular ejection fraction is increased by about 10% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the left ventricular ejection fraction is increased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, or about 100% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the left ventricular ejection fraction is increased by about 200% or more, about 300% or more, about 400% or more, about 500% or more, about 600% or more, about 700% or more, about 800% or more, about 900% or more, or about 1000% or more, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the left ventricular ejection fraction is increased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the left ventricular ejection fraction is increased by no more than about 10%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the left ventricular ejection fraction is increased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the left ventricular ejection fraction is increased by no more than about 200%, no more than about 300%, no more than about 400%, no more than about 500%, no more than about 600%, no more than about 700%, no more than about 800%, no more than about 900%, or no more than about 1000%, as compared to prior to administration. In some embodiments, the left ventricular ejection fraction is increased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 600%, 700%, 800%, 900%, or 1000%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
A. SiRNAs
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises a small interfering RNA (siRNA). In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises a small interfering RNA (siRNA) comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an siRNA comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the sense strand is 12-30 nucleosides in length. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a sense strand that is 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 nucleosides in length, or a range defined by any of the two aforementioned numbers. The sense strand may be 14-30 nucleosides in length. In some embodiments, the composition comprises an antisense strand is 12-30 nucleosides in length. In some embodiments, the composition comprises an antisense strand that is 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 nucleosides in length, or a range defined by any of the two aforementioned numbers. The antisense strand may be 14-30 nucleosides in length.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an siRNA comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand is independently about 12-30 nucleosides in length, and at least one of the sense strand and the antisense strand comprises a nucleoside sequence comprising about 12-30 contiguous nucleosides of a full-length human PLIN1 mRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 6014. In some embodiments, at least one of the sense strand and the antisense strand comprise a nucleoside sequence comprising at least about 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, or more contiguous nucleosides of one of SEQ ID NO: 6014.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an siRNA comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the sense strand and the antisense strand form a double-stranded RNA duplex. In some embodiments, the first base pair of the double-stranded RNA duplex is an AU base pair.
In some embodiments, the sense strand further comprises a 3′ overhang. In some embodiments, the 3′ overhang comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 nucleosides, or a range of nucleotides defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers. In some embodiments, the 3′ overhang comprises 1, 2, or more nucleosides. In some embodiments, the 3′ overhang comprises 2 nucleosides. In some embodiments, the sense strand further comprises a 5′ overhang. In some embodiments, the 5′ overhang comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 nucleosides, or a range of nucleotides defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers. In some embodiments, the 5′ overhang comprises 1, 2, or more nucleosides. In some embodiments, the 5′ overhang comprises 2 nucleosides.
In some embodiments, the antisense strand further comprises a 3′ overhang. In some embodiments, the 3′ overhang comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 nucleosides, or a range of nucleotides defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers. In some embodiments, the 3″ overhang comprises 1, 2, or more nucleosides. In some embodiments, the 3′ overhang comprises 2 nucleosides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand further comprises a 5′ overhang. In some embodiments, the 5′ overhang comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 nucleosides, or a range of nucleotides defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers. In some embodiments, the 5′ overhang comprises 1, 2, or more nucleosides. In some embodiments, the 5′ overhang comprises 2 nucleosides.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an siRNA comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the siRNA binds with a 19mer in a human PLIN1 mRNA. In some embodiments, the siRNA binds with a 12mer, a 13mer, a 14mer, a 15mer, a 16mer, a 17mer, a 18mer, a 19mer, a 20mer, a 21 mer, a 22mer, a 23mer, a 24mer, or a 25mer in a human PLIN1 mRNA.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an siRNA comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the siRNA binds with a 17mer in a non-human primate PLIN1 mRNA. In some embodiments, the siRNA binds with a 12mer, a 13mer, a 14mer, a 15mer, a 16mer, a 17mer, a 18mer, a 19mer, a 20mer, a 21mer, a 22mer, a 23mer, a 24mer, or a 25mer in a non-human primate PLIN1 mRNA.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an siRNA comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the siRNA binds with a human PLIN1 mRNA and less than or equal to 20 human off-targets, with no more than 2 mismatches in the antisense strand. In some embodiments, the siRNA binds with a human PLIN1 mRNA and less than or equal to 10 human off-targets, with no more than 2 mismatches in the antisense strand. In some embodiments, the siRNA binds with a human PLIN1 mRNA and less than or equal to 30 human off-targets, with no more than 2 mismatches in the antisense strand. In some embodiments, the siRNA binds with a human PLIN1 mRNA and less than or equal to 40 human off-targets, with no more than 2 mismatches in the antisense strand. In some embodiments, the siRNA binds with a human PLIN1 mRNA and less than or equal to 50 human off-targets, with no more than 2 mismatches in the antisense strand. In some embodiments, the siRNA binds with a human PLIN1 mRNA and less than or equal to 10 human off-targets, with no more than 3 mismatches in the antisense strand. In some embodiments, the siRNA binds with a human PLIN1 mRNA and less than or equal to 20 human off-targets, with no more than 3 mismatches in the antisense strand. In some embodiments, the siRNA binds with a human PLIN1 mRNA and less than or equal to 30 human off-targets, with no more than 3 mismatches in the antisense strand. In some embodiments, the siRNA binds with a human PLIN1 mRNA and less than or equal to 40 human off-targets, with no more than 3 mismatches in the antisense strand. In some embodiments, the siRNA binds with a human PLIN1 mRNA and less than or equal to 50 human off-targets, with no more than 3 mismatches in the antisense strand.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an siRNA comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, siRNA binds with a human PLIN1 mRNA target site that does not harbor an SNP, with a minor allele frequency (MAF) greater or equal to 1% (pos, 2-18). In some embodiments, the MAF is greater or equal to about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an siRNA comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the sense strand comprises a nucleoside sequence comprising or consisting of the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-2898, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises a nucleoside sequence comprising or consisting of the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-2898, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 3 or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand further comprises a 3′ overhang. In some embodiments, the 3′ overhang comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 nucleosides, or a range of nucleotides defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers. In some embodiments, the 3′ overhang comprises 1, 2, or more nucleosides. In some embodiments, the 3′ overhang comprises 2 nucleosides. In some embodiments, the sense strand further comprises a 5′ overhang. In some embodiments, the 5′ overhang comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 nucleosides, or a range of nucleotides defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers. In some embodiments, the 5′ overhang comprises 1, 2, or more nucleosides. In some embodiments, the 5′ overhang comprises 2 nucleosides. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises a nucleoside sequence comprising or consisting of the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-2898, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside additions at the 3′ end. In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an siRNA comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the sense strand comprises a nucleoside sequence comprising or consisting of the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-2898. In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an siRNA comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises a nucleoside sequence comprising or consisting of the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2899-5796, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises a nucleoside sequence comprising or consisting of the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2899-5796, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 3 or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand further comprises a 3′ overhang. In some embodiments, the 3′ overhang comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 nucleosides, or a range of nucleotides defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers. In some embodiments, the 3″ overhang comprises 1, 2, or more nucleosides. In some embodiments, the 3′ overhang comprises 2 nucleosides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand further comprises a 5′ overhang. In some embodiments, the 5′ overhang comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 nucleosides, or a range of nucleotides defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers. In some embodiments, the 5′ overhang comprises 1, 2, or more nucleosides. In some embodiments, the 5′ overhang comprises 2 nucleosides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises a nucleoside sequence comprising or consisting of the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2899-5796, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside additions at the 3′ end. In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an siRNA comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises a nucleoside sequence comprising or consisting of the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2899-5796.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises a sense strand having a sequence in accordance with any of SEQ ID NOs: 1-2898. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-2898, at least 80% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-2898, at least 85% identical to of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-2898, at least 90% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-2898, or at least 95% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-2898. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-2898, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-2898, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 1-2898. The sense strand sequence may include the first 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19 nucleotides (in the 5′ to 3′ direction) of any of the aforementioned sequences. The sense strand sequence may include the last 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19 nucleotides (in the 5′ to 3′ direction) of any of the aforementioned sequences. The sense strand may comprise a modification pattern described herein. The sense strand may comprise an overhang. The sense strand may comprise a lipid moiety. The sense strand may comprise a GalNAc moiety. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises an antisense strand having a sequence in accordance with any of SEQ ID NOs: 2899-5796. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2899-5796, at least 80% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2899-5796, at least 85% identical to of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 5491-10980, at least 90% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2899-5796, or at least 95% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2899-5796. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2899-5796, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2899-5796, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 2899-5796. The antisense strand sequence may include the first 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19 nucleotides (in the 5′ to 3′ direction) of any of the aforementioned sequences. The antisense strand sequence may include the last 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19 nucleotides (in the 5′ to 3′ direction) of any of the aforementioned sequences. The antisense strand may comprise an overhang. The antisense strand may comprise a modification pattern described herein. The antisense strand may comprise a lipid moiety or a GalNAc moiety.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises a sense strand or antisense strand having a sequence in accordance with the sense strand or antisense strand sequence of an siRNA of subset A. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence at least 75% identical, at least 80% identical, at least 85% identical, at least 90% identical, or at least 95% identical, to a sense strand or antisense strand sequence of subset A. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence of a sense or antisense strand of subset A, or a sequence thereof having 3 or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence of a sense or antisense strand of subset A, or a sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to a sense strand or antisense strand sequence of subset A. In some embodiments, the siRNA is cross-reactive with a non-human primate (NHP) PLIN1 mRNA. The siRNA may include one or more internucleoside linkages and/or one or more nucleoside modifications. The sense strand or antisense strand may comprise any modifications described herein. The sense strand or antisense strand may comprise a lipid moiety or a GalNAc moiety. Subset A contains 145 siRNAs whose base sequences are shown in Table 4.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises a sense strand or antisense strand having a sequence in accordance with the sense strand or antisense strand sequence of an siRNA of subset B. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence at least 75% identical, at least 80% identical, at least 85% identical, at least 90% identical, or at least 95% identical, to a sense strand or antisense strand sequence of subset B. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence of a sense or antisense strand of subset B, or a sequence thereof having 3 or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence of a sense or antisense strand of subset B, or a sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to a sense strand or antisense strand sequence of subset B. The sense strand or antisense strand may comprise any modifications described herein. The sense strand or antisense strand may comprise a lipid moiety or a GalNAc moiety. Subset B includes 119 siRNAs whose base sequences are shown in Table 5.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises a sense strand or antisense strand having a sequence in accordance with the sense strand or antisense strand sequence of an siRNA of subset C. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence at least 75% identical, at least 80% identical, at least 85% identical, at least 90% identical, or at least 95% identical, to a sense strand or antisense strand sequence of subset C. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence of a sense or antisense strand of subset C, or a sequence thereof having 3 or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence of a sense or antisense strand of subset C, or a sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to a sense strand or antisense strand sequence of subset C. The sense strand or antisense strand may comprise any modifications described herein. The sense strand or antisense strand may comprise a lipid moiety or a GalNAc moiety. Subset C includes 77 siRNAs whose base sequences are shown in Table 6.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises a sense strand or antisense strand having a sequence in accordance with the sense strand or antisense strand sequence of an siRNA of subset D. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence at least 75% identical, at least 80% identical, at least 85% identical, at least 90% identical, or at least 95% identical, to a sense strand or antisense strand sequence of subset D. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence of a sense or antisense strand of subset D, or a sequence thereof having 3 or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence of a sense or antisense strand of subset D, or a sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to a sense strand or antisense strand sequence of subset D. The sense strand or antisense strand may comprise any modifications described herein. The sense strand or antisense strand may comprise a lipid moiety or a GalNAc moiety. Subset D includes 62 siRNAs whose base sequences are shown in Table 7.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises a sense strand or antisense strand having a sequence in accordance with the sense strand or antisense strand sequence of an siRNA of subset E. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence at least 75% identical, at least 80% identical, at least 85% identical, at least 90% identical, or at least 95% identical, to a sense strand or antisense strand sequence of subset E. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence of a sense or antisense strand of subset E, or a sequence thereof having 3 or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence of a sense or antisense strand of subset E, or a sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to a sense strand or antisense strand sequence of subset E. The sense strand or antisense strand may comprise any modifications described herein. The sense strand or antisense strand may comprise a lipid moiety or a GalNAc moiety. Subset E includes 51 siRNAs whose base sequences are shown in Table 8.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises a sense strand or antisense strand having a sequence in accordance with the sense strand or antisense strand sequence of an siRNA of subset F. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence at least 75% identical, at least 80% identical, at least 85% identical, at least 90% identical, or at least 95% identical, to a sense strand or antisense strand sequence of subset F. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence of a sense or antisense strand of subset F, or a sequence thereof having 3 or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence of a sense or antisense strand of subset F, or a sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to a sense strand or antisense strand sequence of subset F. The sense strand or antisense strand may comprise any modifications described herein. The sense strand or antisense strand may comprise a lipid moiety or a GalNAc moiety. Subset F includes 49 siRNAs. The siRNAs in subset F include siRNAs from subset A, and are included in Table 9.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in any one of Tables 4-9, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 3 or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in any one of Tables 4-9, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in any one of Tables 4-9. In some embodiments, the siRNA is cross-reactive with a non-human primate (NHP) PLIN1 mRNA. The siRNA may include one or more internucleoside linkages and/or one or more nucleoside modifications.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises a sense strand or antisense strand having a sequence in accordance with the sense strand or antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 22. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence at least 75% identical, at least 80% identical, at least 85% identical, at least 90% identical, or at least 95% identical, to a sense strand or antisense strand sequence in Table 22. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence of a sense or antisense strand in Table 22, or a sequence thereof having 3 or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense strand comprises a sequence of a sense or antisense strand in Table 22, or a sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand or antisense sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to a sense strand or antisense strand sequence in Table 22. The sense strand or antisense strand may comprise an overhang. The sense strand or antisense strand may comprise any modifications described herein. The sense strand or antisense strand may comprise a lipid moiety or a GalNAc moiety.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises a sense strand having a sequence in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 5984. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5984, at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5984, at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5984, at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5984, or at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5984. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO 5984, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5984, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5984. The sense strand may comprise any modifications or modification pattern described herein. The sense strand may comprise a moiety such as a GalNAc moiety or a lipid moiety. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises an antisense strand having a sequence in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 6008. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6008, at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6008, at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6008, at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6008, or at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6008. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO 6008, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6008, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6008. The antisense strand may comprise any modifications or modification pattern described herein. The antisense strand may comprise a moiety such as a GalNAc moiety or a lipid moiety.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises a sense strand having a sequence in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 5987. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5987, at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5987, at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5987, at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5987, or at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5987. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO 5987, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5987, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5987. The sense strand may comprise any modifications or modification pattern described herein. The sense strand may comprise a moiety such as a GalNAc moiety or a lipid moiety. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises an antisense strand having a sequence in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 6011. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6011, at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6011, at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6011, at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6011, or at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6011. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO 6011, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6011, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6011. The antisense strand may comprise any modifications or modification pattern described herein. The antisense strand may comprise a moiety such as a GalNAc moiety or a lipid moiety.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises a sense strand having a sequence in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 2124. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2124, at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2124, at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2124, at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2124, or at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2124. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO 2124, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2124, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2124. The sense strand may comprise any modifications or modification pattern described herein. The sense strand may comprise a moiety such as a GalNAc moiety or a lipid moiety. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises an antisense strand having a sequence in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 5022. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5022, at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5022, at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5022, at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5022, or at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5022. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO 5022, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5022, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5022. The antisense strand may comprise any modifications or modification pattern described herein. The antisense strand may comprise a moiety such as a GalNAc moiety or a lipid moiety.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises a sense strand having a sequence in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 5988. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5988, at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5988, at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5988, at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5988, or at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5988. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO 5988, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5988, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5988. The sense strand may comprise any modifications or modification pattern described herein. The sense strand may comprise a moiety such as a GalNAc moiety or a lipid moiety. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises an antisense strand having a sequence in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 6012. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6012, at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6012, at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6012, at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6012, or at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6012. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO 6012, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6012, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6012. The antisense strand may comprise any modifications or modification pattern described herein. The antisense strand may comprise a moiety such as a GalNAc moiety or a lipid moiety.
B. ASOs
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). In some embodiments, the ASO is 12-30 nucleosides in length. In some embodiments, the ASO is 14-30 nucleosides in length. In some embodiments, the ASO is at least about 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 nucleosides in length, or a range defined by any of the two aforementioned numbers. In some embodiments, the ASO is 15-25 nucleosides in length. In some embodiments, the ASO is 20 nucleosides in length.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an ASO about 12-30 nucleosides in length and comprising a nucleoside sequence complementary to about 12-30 contiguous nucleosides of a full-length human PLIN1 mRNA sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 6014; wherein (i) the oligonucleotide comprises a modification comprising a modified nucleoside and/or a modified internucleoside linkage, and/or (ii) the composition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the ASO comprise a nucleoside sequence complementary to at least about 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, or more contiguous nucleosides of one of SEQ ID NO: 6014.
C. Modification Patterns
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises a modification comprising a modified nucleoside and/or a modified internucleoside linkage, and/or (ii) the composition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises a modification comprising a modified nucleoside and/or a modified internucleoside linkage. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises a modified internucleoside linkage. In some embodiments, the modified internucleoside linkage comprises alkylphosphonate, phosphorothioate, methylphosphonate, phosphorodithioate, alkylphosphonothioate, phosphoramidate, carbamate, carbonate, phosphate triester, acetamidate, or carboxymethyl ester, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the modified internucleoside linkage comprises one or more phosphorothioate linkages. A phosphorothioate may include a nonbridging oxygen atom in a phosphate backbone of the oligonucleotide that is replaced by sulfur. Modified internucleoside linkages may be included in siRNAs or ASOs. Benefits of the modified internucleoside linkage may include decreased toxicity or improved pharmaco*kinetics.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises a modified internucleoside linkage, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 modified internucleoside linkages, or a range of modified internucleoside linkages defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises no more than 18 modified internucleoside linkages. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises no more than 20 modified internucleoside linkages. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises 2 or more modified internucleoside linkages, 3 or more modified internucleoside linkages, 4 or more modified internucleoside linkages, 5 or more modified internucleoside linkages, 6 or more modified internucleoside linkages, 7 or more modified internucleoside linkages, 8 or more modified internucleoside linkages, 9 or more modified internucleoside linkages, 10 or more modified internucleoside linkages, 11 or more modified internucleoside linkages, 12 or more modified internucleoside linkages, 13 or more modified internucleoside linkages, 14 or more modified internucleoside linkages, 15 or more modified internucleoside linkages, 16 or more modified internucleoside linkages, 17 or more modified internucleoside linkages, 18 or more modified internucleoside linkages, 19 or more modified internucleoside linkages, or 20 or more modified internucleoside linkages.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises the modified nucleoside. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a locked nucleic acid (LNA), hexitol nucleic acid (HLA), cyclohexene nucleic acid (CeNA), 2′-methoxyethyl, 2′-O-alkyl, 2′-O-allyl, 2′-fluoro, or 2′-deoxy, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a LNA. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a 2′,4′ constrained ethyl nucleic acid. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises HLA. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises CeNA. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a 2′-methoxyethyl group. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a 2′-O-alkyl group. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a 2′-O-allyl group. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a 2′-fluoro group. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a 2′-deoxy group. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a 2′-O-methyl nucleoside, 2′-deoxyfluoro nucleoside, 2′-O—N-methylacetamido (2′-O-NMA) nucleoside, a 2′-O-dimethylaminoethoxyethyl (2′-O-DMAEOE) nucleoside, 2′-O-aminopropyl (2′-O-AP) nucleoside, or 2′-ara-F, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a 2′-O-methyl nucleoside. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a 2′-deoxyfluoro nucleoside. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a 2′-O-NMA nucleoside. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a 2′-O-DMAEOE nucleoside. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a 2′-O-aminopropyl (2′-O-AP) nucleoside. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises 2′-ara-F. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises one or more 2′ fluoro modified nucleosides. In some embodiments, the modified nucleoside comprises a 2′ O-alkyl modified nucleoside. Benefits of the modified nucleoside may include decreased toxicity or improved pharmaco*kinetics.
In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21 modified nucleosides, or a range of nucleosides defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises no more than 19 modified nucleosides. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises no more than 21 modified nucleosides. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises 2 or more modified nucleosides, 3 or more modified nucleosides, 4 or more modified nucleosides, 5 or more modified nucleosides, 6 or more modified nucleosides, 7 or more modified nucleosides, 8 or more modified nucleosides, 9 or more modified nucleosides, 10 or more modified nucleosides, 11 or more modified nucleosides, 12 or more modified nucleosides, 13 or more modified nucleosides, 14 or more modified nucleosides, 15 or more modified nucleosides, 16 or more modified nucleosides, 17 or more modified nucleosides, 18 or more modified nucleosides, 19 or more modified nucleosides, 20 or more modified nucleosides, or 21 or more modified nucleosides.
The oligonucleotide may include purines. Examples of purines include adenine (A) or guanine (G), or modified versions thereof. The oligonucleotide may include pyrimidines. Examples of pyrimidines include cytosine (C), thymine (T), or uracil (U), or modified versions thereof.
In some embodiments, purines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines. In some embodiments, purines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, purines of the oligonucleotide comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, all purines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines. In some embodiments, all purines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, all purines of the oligonucleotide comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines. Where 2′-O-methyl modifications are described, it is contemplated that a 2-methyl modification may be included, and vice versa.
In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2-O-methyl modified pyrimidines.
In some embodiments, purines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, purines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines, and pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, purines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, purines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines, and pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and purines of the oligonucleotide comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and purines of the oligonucleotide comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and purines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and purines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines.
In some embodiments, all purines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and all pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2″-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all purines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2″-O-methyl modified purines, and all pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all purines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and all pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all purines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines, and all pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and all purines of the oligonucleotide comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and all purines of the oligonucleotide comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and all purines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and all purines of the oligonucleotide comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines.
In some cases, the oligonucleotide comprises a particular modification pattern. In some embodiments, position 9 counting from the 5′ end of the of a strand of the oligonucleotide may have a 2′F modification. In some embodiments, when position 9 of a strand of the oligonucleotide is a pyrimidine, then all purines in a strand of the oligonucleotide have a 2′OMe modification. In some embodiments, when position 9 is the only pyrimidine between positions 5 and 11 of the sense stand, then position 9 is the only position with a 2′F modification in a strand of the oligonucleotide. In some embodiments, when position 9 and only one other base between positions 5 and 11 of a strand of the oligonucleotide are pyrimidines, then both of these pyrimidines are the only two positions with a 2′F modification in a strand of the oligonucleotide. In some embodiments, when position 9 and only two other bases between positions 5 and 11 of a strand of the oligonucleotide are pyrimidines, and those two other pyrimidines are in adjacent positions so that there would be not three 2′F modifications in a row, then any combination of 2′F modifications can be made that give three 2′F modifications in total. In some embodiments, when there are more than 2 pyrimidines between positions 5 and 11 of a strand of the oligonucleotide, then all combinations of pyrimidines having the 2′F modification are allowed that have three to five 2′F modifications in total, provided that a strand of the oligonucleotide does not have three 2′F modifications in a row. In some cases, a strand of the oligonucleotide of any of the siRNAs comprises a modification pattern which conforms to any or all of these a strand of the oligonucleotide rules.
In some embodiments, when position 9 of a strand of the oligonucleotide is a purine, then all purines in a strand of the oligonucleotide have a 2′OMe modification. In some embodiments, when position 9 is the only purine between positions 5 and 11 of the sense stand, then position 9 is the only position with a 2′F modification in a strand of the oligonucleotide. In some embodiments, when position 9 and only one other base between positions 5 and 11 of a strand of the oligonucleotide are purines, then both of these purines are the only two positions with a 2′F modification in a strand of the oligonucleotide. In some embodiments, when position 9 and only two other bases between positions 5 and 11 of a strand of the oligonucleotide are purines, and those two other purines are in adjacent positions so that there would be not three 2′F modifications in a row, then any combination of 2′F modifications can be made that give three 2′F modifications in total. In some embodiments, when there are more than 2 purines between positions 5 and 11 of a strand of the oligonucleotide, then all combinations of purines having the 2′F modification are allowed that have three to five 2′F modifications in total, provided that a strand of the oligonucleotide does not have three 2′F modifications in a row. In some cases, a strand of the oligonucleotide of any of the siRNAs comprises a modification pattern which conforms to any or all of these a strand of the oligonucleotide rules.
In some cases, position 9 of a strand of the oligonucleotide can be a 2 deoxy. In these cases. 2′F and 2′OMe modifications may occur at the other positions of a strand of the oligonucleotide. In some cases, a strand of the oligonucleotide of any of the siRNAs comprises a modification pattern which conforms to these a strand of the oligonucleotide rules.
In some embodiments, position nine of the sense strand comprises a 2′ fluoro-modified pyrimidine. In some embodiments, all purines of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 pyrimidines between positions 5 and 11 comprise a 2′ fluoro-modified pyrimidine, provided there are not three 2′ fluoro-modified pyrimidines in a row: In some embodiments, the odd-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified nucleotides. In some embodiments, the even-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2 fluoro-modified nucleotides and unmodified deoxyribonucleotide. In some embodiments, the even-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2 fluoro-modified nucleotides, 2′-O-methyl modified nucleotides and unmodified deoxyribonucleotide. In some embodiments, position nine of the sense strand comprises a 2′ fluoro-modified pyrimidine; all purines of the sense strand comprises 2′-O-methyl modified purines: 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 pyrimidines between positions 5 and 11 comprise a 2′ fluoro-modified pyrimidine, provided there are not three 2′ fluoro-modified pyrimidines in a row: the odd-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified nucleotides; and the even-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2 fluoro-modified nucleotides and unmodified deoxyribonucleotides.
In some embodiments, position nine of the sense strand comprises a 2′ fluoro-modified purine. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 purines between positions 5 and 11 comprise a 2′ fluoro-modified purine, provided there are not three 2′ fluoro-modified purine in a row. In some embodiments, the odd-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2-O-methyl modified nucleotides. In some embodiments, the even-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2 fluoro-modified nucleotides and unmodified deoxyribonucleotide. In some embodiments, the even-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2′ fluoro-modified nucleotides, 2-O-methyl modified nucleotides and unmodified deoxyribonucleotide. In some embodiments, position nine of the sense strand comprises a 2′ fluoro-modified purine; all pyrimidine of the sense strand comprises 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines: 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 purines between positions 5 and 11 comprise a 2 fluoro-modified purines, provided there are not three 2′ fluoro-modified purines in a row: the odd-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified nucleotides; and the even-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2 fluoro-modified nucleotides and unmodified deoxyribonucleotides. In some embodiments, there are not three 2′ fluoro-modified purines in a row. In some embodiments, there are not three 2′ fluoro-modified pyrimidines in a row.
In some embodiments, position nine of the sense strand comprises an unmodified deoxyribonucleotide. In some embodiments, positions 5, 7, and 8 of the sense strand comprise 2 fluoro-modified nucleotides. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines in positions 10 to 21 of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines and all purines in positions 10 to 21 of the comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines or 2′ fluoro-modified purines. In some embodiments, the odd-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2-O-methyl modified nucleotides. In some embodiments, the even-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2′ fluoro-modified nucleotides and unmodified deoxyribonucleotides. In some embodiments, the even-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2 fluoro-modified nucleotides, 2′-O-methyl modified nucleotides and unmodified deoxyribonucleotides. In some embodiments, position nine of the sense strand comprises an unmodified deoxyribonucleotide: positions 5, 7, and 8 of the sense strand comprise 2 fluoro-modified nucleotides; all pyrimidines in positions 10 to 21 of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines and all purines in positions 10 to 21 of the comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines or 2 fluoro-modified purines: the odd-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified nucleotides; and the even-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2 fluoro-modified nucleotides and unmodified deoxyribonucleotides.
In some embodiments, position nine of the sense strand comprises an unmodified deoxyribonucleotide. In some embodiments, positions 5, 7, and 8 of the sense strand comprise 2 fluoro-modified nucleotides. In some embodiments, all purines in positions 10 to 21 of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines and all pyrimidines in positions 10 to 21 of the comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines or 2 fluoro-modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, the odd-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2-O-methyl modified nucleotides. In some embodiments, the even-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2′ fluoro-modified nucleotides and unmodified deoxyribonucleotides. In some embodiments, the even-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2 fluoro-modified nucleotides, 2′-O-methyl modified nucleotides and unmodified deoxyribonucleotides. In some embodiments, position nine of the sense strand comprises an unmodified deoxyribonucleotide: positions 5, 7, and 8 of the sense strand comprise 2 fluoro-modified nucleotides; all purines in positions 10 to 21 of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines and all pyrimidines in positions 10 to 21 of the comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines or 2′ fluoro-modified pyrimidines: the odd-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified nucleotides; and the even-numbered positions of the antisense strand comprise 2 fluoro-modified nucleotides and unmodified deoxyribonucleotide.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises a moiety attached at a 3′ or 5′ terminus of the oligonucleotide. Examples of moieties include a hydrophobic moiety or a sugar moiety, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is an siRNA having a sense strand, and the moiety is attached to a 5′ end of the sense strand. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is an siRNA having a sense strand, and the moiety is attached to a 3′ end of the sense strand. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is an siRNA having an antisense strand, and the moiety is attached to a 5′ end of the antisense strand. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is an siRNA having an antisense strand, and the moiety is attached to a 3′ end of the antisense strand. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is an ASO, and the moiety is attached to a 5′ end of the ASO. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is an ASO, and the moiety is attached to a 3′ end of the ASO.
In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide includes a negatively charged group. The negatively charged group may aid in cell or tissue penetration. The negatively charged group may be attached at a 5′ or 3′ end (e.g, a 5′ end) of the oligonucleotide. This may be referred to as an end group. The end group may be or include a phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate, vinylphosphonate, methylphosphonate, cyclopropyl phosphonate, or a deoxy-C-malonyl. The end group may include an extra 5′ phosphate such as an extra 5′ phosphate. A combination of end groups may be used.
In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide includes a phosphate mimic. In some embodiments, the phosphate mimic comprises vinyl phosphonate. In some embodiments, the vinyl phosphonate comprises a trans-vinylphosphonate. In some embodiments, the vinyl phosphonate comprises a cis-vinylphosphonate. An example of a nucleotide that includes a vinyl phosphonate is shown below.
In some embodiments, the vinyl phosphonate increases the stability of the oligonucleotide. In some embodiments, the vinyl phosphonate increases the accumulation of the oligonucleotide in tissues. In some embodiments, the vinyl phosphonate protects the oligonucleotide from an exonuclease or a phosphatase. In some embodiments, the vinyl phosphonate improves the binding affinity of the oligonucleotide with the siRNA processing machinery.
In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide includes 1 vinyl phosphonate. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide includes 2 vinyl phosphonates. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide includes 3 vinyl phosphonates. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide includes 4 vinyl phosphonates. In some embodiments, the antisense strand of the oligonucleotide comprises a vinyl phosphonate at the 5′ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand of the oligonucleotide comprises a vinyl phosphonate at the 3′ end. In some embodiments, the sense strand of the oligonucleotide comprises a vinyl phosphonate at the 5′ end. In some embodiments, the sense strand of the oligonucleotide comprises a vinyl phosphonate at the 3′ end.
1. Hydrophobic Moieties
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises a hydrophobic moiety. The hydrophobic moiety may be attached at a 3′ or 5′ terminus of the oligonucleotide. The hydrophobic moiety may include a lipid such as a fatty acid. The hydrophobic moiety may include a hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon may be linear. The hydrocarbon may be non-linear. The hydrophobic moiety may include a lipid moiety or a cholesterol moiety, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises a lipid attached at a 3′ or 5′ terminus of the oligonucleotide. An oligonucleotide comprising a hydrophobic moiety may include, or be referred to as a hydrophobic conjugate. Hydrophobic moieties may be useful for enhancing cellular uptake. The hydrophobic moiety may be attached at a 3′ or 5′ terminus of the oligonucleotide. The hydrophobic moiety may include a lipid such as a fatty acid. The hydrophobic moiety may include a hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon may be linear. The hydrocarbon may be non-linear. The hydrophobic moiety may include a lipid moiety or a cholesterol moiety, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic moiety includes a lipid. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic moiety includes a cyclohexanyl. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic moiety is used in a specific format described herein. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic moiety is attached at a 5′ end of a sense strand without any phosphorothioate groups or linkages at the 5′ end.
The hydrophobic moiety may be or include a lipid moiety. In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises a lipid attached at a 3′ or 5′ terminus of the oligonucleotide. In some embodiments, the lipid comprises cholesterol, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl, lithocholyl, docosenyl, docosahexaenoyl, myristyl, palmityl stearyl, or α-tocopheryl, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the lipid comprises stearoyl, t-butylphenol, n-butylphenyl, octylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, phenyl n-dodecyl, octadecylbenzamide, hexadecylbenzamide, or octadecylcyclohexyl. In some embodiments, the lipid comprises phenyl para C12.
In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises any aspect of the following structure:
In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises any aspect of the following structure:
In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises any aspect of the following structure:
The aspect included in the oligonucleotide may include the entire structure, or may include the lipid moiety, of any of the structures shown. In some embodiments, n is 1-3. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, R is an alkyl group. In some embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 carbons. In some embodiments, the alkyl group contains 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 carbons, or a range defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers of carbons. In some embodiments, the alkyl group contains 4-18 carbons. In some embodiments, the lipid moiety comprises an alcohol or ether.
In some embodiments, the lipid includes a fatty acid. In some embodiments, the lipid comprises a lipid depicted in Table 1. The example lipid moieties in Table 1 are shown attached at a 5′ end of an oligonucleotide, in which the 5′ terminal phosphate of the oligonucleotide is shown with the lipid moiety. In some embodiments, a lipid moiety in Table 1 may be attached at a different point of attachment than shown. For example, the point of attachment of any of the lipid moieties in the table may be at a 3′ oligonucleotide end. In some embodiments, the lipid is used for targeting the oligonucleotide to a non-hepatic cell or tissue.
In some embodiments, the lipid or lipid moiety includes 16 to 18 carbons. In some embodiments, the lipid includes 16 carbons. In some embodiments, the lipid includes 17 carbons. In some embodiments, the lipid includes 18 carbons. In some embodiments, the lipid moiety includes 16 carbons. In some embodiments, the lipid moiety includes 17 carbons. In some embodiments, the lipid moiety includes 18 carbons.
The hydrophobic moiety may include a linker that comprises a carbocycle. The carbocycle may be six-membered. Some examples of a carbocycle include phenyl or cyclohexyl. The linker may include a phenyl. The linker may include a cyclohexyl. The lipid may be attached to the carbocycle, which may in turn be attached at a phosphate (e.g., 5′ or 3′ phosphate) of the oligonucleotide. In some embodiments, the lipid or hydrocarbon, and the end of the sense are connected to the phenyl or cyclohexyl linker in the 1,4; 1,3; or 1,2 substitution pattern (e.g, the para, meta, or ortho phenyl configuration). In some embodiments, the lipid or hydrocarbon, and the end of the sense are connected to the phenyl or cyclohexyl linker in the 1,4 substitution pattern (e.g, the para phenyl configuration). The lipid may be attached to the carbocycle in the 1,4 substitution pattern relative to the oligonucleotide. The lipid may be attached to the carbocycle in the 1,3 substitution pattern relative to the oligonucleotide. The lipid may be attached to the carbocycle in the 1,2 substitution pattern relative to the oligonucleotide. The lipid may be attached to the carbocycle in the ortho orientation relative to the oligonucleotide. The lipid may be attached to the carbocycle in the para orientation relative to the oligonucleotide. The lipid may be attached to the carbocycle in the meta orientation relative to the oligonucleotide.
The lipid moiety may comprise or consist of the following structure:
In some embodiments, the lipid moiety comprises or consists of the following structure:
In some embodiments, the lipid moiety comprises or consists of the following structure:
In some embodiments, the lipid moiety comprises or consist of the following structure:
In some embodiments, the dotted line indicates a covalent connection. The covalent connection may between an end of the sense or antisense strand. For example, the connection may be to the 5′ end of the sense strand. In some embodiments, n is 0-3. In some embodiments, n is 1-3. In some embodiments, n is 0. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, n is 4. In some embodiments, n is 5. In some embodiments, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some embodiments, R is an alkyl group. In some embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 carbons. In some embodiments, the alkyl group contains 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 carbons, or a range defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers of carbons. In some embodiments, R comprises or consists of an alkyl group containing 4-18 carbons.
The lipid moiety may be attached at a 5′ end of the oligonucleotide. The 5′ end may have one phosphate linking the lipid moiety to a 5′ carbon of a sugar of the oligonucleotide. The 5′ end may have two phosphates linking the lipid moiety to a 5′ carbon of a sugar of the oligonucleotide. The 5′ end may have three phosphates linking the lipid moiety to a 5′ carbon of a sugar of the oligonucleotide. The 5′ end may have one phosphate connected to the 5′ carbon of a sugar of the oligonucleotide, where the one phosphate is connected to the lipid moiety. The 5′ end may have two phosphates connected to the 5′ carbon of a sugar of the oligonucleotide, where the one of the two phosphates is connected to the lipid moiety. The 5′ end may have three phosphates connected to the 5′ carbon of a sugar of the oligonucleotide, where the one of the three phosphates is connected to the lipid moiety. The sugar may include a ribose. The sugar may include a deoxyribose. The sugar may be modified a such as a 2′ modified sugar (e.g, a 2′ O-methyl or 2′ fluoro ribose). A phosphate of the 5′ end may include a modification such as a sulfur in place of an oxygen. Two phosphates of the 5′ end may include a modification such as a sulfur in place of an oxygen. Three phosphates of the 5′ end may include a modification such as a sulfur in place of an oxygen.
In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide includes 1 lipid moiety. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide includes 2 lipid moieties. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide includes 3 lipid moieties. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide includes 4 lipid moieties.
Some embodiments relate to a method of making an oligonucleotide comprising a hydrophobic conjugate. A strategy for making hydrophobic conjugates may include use of a phosphoramidite reagent based upon a 6-membered ring alcohol such as a phenol or cyclohexanol. The phosphoramidite may be reacted to a nucleotide to connect the nucleotide to the hydrophobic moiety, and thereby produce the hydrophobic conjugate. Some examples of phosphoramidite reagents that may be used to produce a hydrophobic conjugate are provided as follows:
In some embodiments, n is 1-3. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, R is an alkyl group. In some embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 carbons. In some embodiments, the alkyl group contains 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 carbons, or a range defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers of carbons. In some embodiments, R comprises or consists of an alkyl group containing 4-18 carbons. Any one of the phosphoramidite reagents may be reacted to a 5′ end of an oligonucleotide to produce an oligonucleotide comprising a hydrophobic moiety. In some embodiments, the phosphoramidite reagents is reacted to a 5′ end of a sense strand of an siRNA. The sense strand may then be hybridized to an antisense strand to form a duplex. The hybridization may be performed by incubating the sense and antisense strands in solution at a given temperature. The temperature may be gradually reduced. The temperature may comprise or include a temperature comprising an annealing temperature for the sense and antisense strands. The temperature may be below or include a temperature below the annealing temperature for the sense and antisense strands. The temperature may be below a melting temperature of the sense and antisense strands.
ETL2 may be conjugated to an oligonucleotide using the following reagent:
2. Sugar Moieties
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises a sugar moiety. The sugar moiety may include an N-acetyl galactose moiety (e.g, an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) moiety), an N-acetyl glucose moiety (e.g, an N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety), a fucose moiety, or a mannose moiety. The sugar moiety may include 1, 2, 3, or more sugar molecules. The sugar moiety may be attached at a 3′ or 5′ terminus of the oligonucleotide. The sugar moiety may include an N-acetyl galactose moiety. The sugar moiety may include an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) moiety. The sugar moiety may include an N-acetyl glucose moiety. The sugar moiety may include N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. The sugar moiety may include a fucose moiety. The sugar moiety may include a mannose moiety. N-acetyl glucose, GlcNAc, fucose, or mannose may be useful for targeting macrophages since they may target or bind a mannose receptor such as CD206. The sugar moiety may be useful for binding or targeting an asialoglycoprotein receptor such as an asialoglycoprotein receptor of a hepatocyte. The GalNAc moiety may bind to an asialoglycoprotein receptor. The GalNAc moiety may target a hepatocyte.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) moiety. GalNAc may be useful for hepatocyte targeting. The GalNAc moiety may include 1, 2, 3, or more GalNAc molecules. The GalNAc moiety may be attached at a 3′ or 5′ terminus of the oligonucleotide.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ligand for hepatocyte targeting. In some embodiments, the composition comprises GalNAc. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a GalNAc derivative. In some embodiments, the GalNAc ligand is attached at a 3′ terminus of the oligonucleotide. In some embodiments, the GalNAc ligand is attached at a 5′ terminus of the oligonucleotide. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a sense strand, and the GalNAc ligand is attached to the sense strand (e.g. attached to a 5′ end of the sense strand, or attached to a 3′ end of the sense strand). In some embodiments, the composition comprises an antisense strand, and the GalNAc ligand is attached to the antisense strand (e.g. attached to a 5′ end of the antisense strand, or attached to a 3′ end of the antisense strand). In some embodiments, the composition comprises a GalNAc ligand attached at a 3′ or 5′ terminus of the oligonucleotide.
Disclosed herein, in some embodiments, are compositions comprising an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises a GalNAc moiety. The GalNAc moiety may be included in any formula, structure, or GalNAc moiety shown below. In some embodiments, described herein is a compound (e.g. oligonucleotide) represented by Formula (I) or (II):
or a salt thereof, wherein
-
- J is an oligonucleotide:
- each w is independently selected from any value from 1 to 20;
- each v is independently selected from any value from 1 to 20;
- n is selected from any value from 1 to 20;
- m is selected from any value from 1 to 20;
- z is selected from any value from 1 to 3, wherein
- if z is 3, Y is C
- if z is 2, Y is CR6, or
- if z is 1, Y is C(R6)2;
- Q is selected from:
- C3-10 carbocycle optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, —NO2, —OR7, —SR7, —N(R7)2, —C(O)R7, —C(O)N(R7)2, —N(R7)C(O)R7, —N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2, —OC(O)N(R7)2, —N(R7)C(O)OR7, —C(O)OR7, —OC(O)R7, —S(O)R7, and C1-6 alkyl, wherein the C1-6 alkyl, is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, —OH, —SH, —NO2, and —NH2:
- R1 is a linker selected from:
- —O—, —S—, —N(R7)—, —C(O)—, —C(O)N(R7)—, —N(R7)C(O)— —N(R7)C(O)N(R7)—, —OC(O)N(R7)—, —N(R7)C(O)O—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —S(O)—, —S(O)2—, —OS(O)—, —OP(O)(OR7)O—, —SP(O)(OR7)O—, —OP(S)(OR7)O—, —OP(O)(SR7)O—, —OP(O)(OR7)S—, —OP(O)(O−)O—, —SP(O)(O−) O—, —OP(S)(O)O—, —OP(O)(S−)O—, —OP(O)(O−)S—, —OP(O)(OR7)NR7—, —OP(O)(N(R7)2)NR7—, —OP(OR7)O—, —OP(N(R7)2)O—, —OP(OR7)N(R7)—, and —OPN(R7)2NR7—;
- each R2 is independently selected from:
- C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, —OR7, —SR7, —N(R7), —C(O)R7, —C(O)N(R7), —N(R7)C(O)R7, —N(R7)C(O)N(R7), —OC(O)N(R7)2, —N(R7)C(O)OR7, —C(O)OR7, —OC(O)R7, and —S(O)R7;
- R3 and R4 are each independently selected from:
- —OR7, —SR7, —N(R7)2, —C(O)R7, —C(O)N(R7)2, —N(R7)C(O)R7, —N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2, —
- OC(O)N(R7)2, —N(R7)C(O)OR7, —C(O)OR7, —OC(O)R7, and —S(O)R7:
- each R5 is independently selected from:
- —OC(O)R7, —OC(O)N(R7)2, —N(R7)C(O)R7—N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2, —N(R7)C(O)OR7, —C(O)R7, —C(O)OR7, and —C(O)N(R7)2;
- each R6 is independently selected from:
- hydrogen;
- halogen, —CN, —NO2, —OR7, —SR7, —N(R7), —C(O)R7, —C(O)N(R7), —N(R7)C(O)R7, —N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2, —OC(O)N(R7)2, —N(R7)C(O)OR7, —C(O)OR7, —OC(O)R7, and —S(O)R7; and
- C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, —NO2, —OR7, —SR7, —N(R7)2, —C(O)R7, —C(O)N(R7)2, —N(R7)C(O)R7, —N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2, —OC(O)N(R7)2, —N(R7)C(O)OR7, —C(O)OR7, —OC(O)R7, and —S(O)R7;
- each R7 is independently selected from:
- hydrogen;
- C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, and C2-6 alkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, —OH, —SH, —NO2, —NH2, ═O, ═S, —O—C1-6 alkyl, —S—C1-6 alkyl, —N(C1-6 alkyl)2, —NH(C1-6 alkyl), C3-10 carbocycle, and 3- to 10-membered heterocycle; and
- C3-10 carbocycle, and 3- to 10-membered heterocycle, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, —OH. —SH, —NO2, —NH2, —O, ═S, —O—C1-6 alkyl, —S—C1-6 alkyl, —N(C1-6 alkyl)2, —NH(C1-6 alkyl), C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C3-10carbocycle, 3- to 10-membered heterocycle, and C1-6 haloalkyl.
In some embodiments, each w is independently selected from any value from 1 to 10. In some embodiments, each w is independently selected from any value from 1 to 5. In some embodiments, each w is 1. In some embodiments, each v is independently selected from any value from 1 to 10. In some embodiments, each v is independently selected from any value from 1 to 5. In some embodiments, each v is 1. In some embodiments, n is selected from any value from 1 to 10. In some embodiments, n is selected from any value from 1 to 5. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, m is selected from any value from 1 to 10. In some embodiments, m is selected from any value from 1 to 5. In some embodiments, m is selected from 1 and 2. In some embodiments, z is 3 and Y is C. In some embodiments, Q is selected from C5-6 carbocycle optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, —NO2, —OR7, —SR7, —N(R7)2, —C(O)R7, —C(O)N(R7)2, —N(R7)C(O)R7, —N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2, —OC(O)N(R7)2, —N(R7)C(O)OR7, —C(O)OR7, —OC(O)R7, and —S(O)R7. In some embodiments, Q is selected from C5-6 carbocycle optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, —OH, —SH, —NO2, and —NH2. In some embodiments, Q is selected from phenyl and cyclohexyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, —OH, —SH, —NO2, and —NH2. In some embodiments, Q is selected from phenyl. In some embodiments, Q is selected from cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R1 is selected from—OP(O)(OR7)O—, —SP(O)(OR7)O—, —OP(S)(OR7)O—, —OP(O)(SR7)O—, —OP(O)(OR7)S—, —OP(O)(O−)O—, —SP(O)(O−)O—, —OP(S)(O−)O—, —OP(O)(S−)O—, —OP(O)(O−)S—, —OP(O)(OR7)NR7—, —OP(O)(N(R7)2)NR7, —OP(OR7)O—, —OP(N(R7)2)O—, —OP(OR7)N(R7)—, and —OPN(R7), NR7. In some embodiments, R1 is selected from—OP(O)(OR7)O—, —SP(O)(OR7)O—, —OP(S)(OR7)O—, —OP(O)(SR7)O—, —OP(O)(OR7)S—, —OP(O)(O−)O—, —SP(O)(O)O—, —OP(S)(O−)O—, —OP(O)(S−)O—, —OP(O)(O−)S—, and —OP(OR7)O—. In some embodiments, R1 is selected from—OP(O)(OR7)O—, —OP(S)(OR7)O—, —OP(O)(O−)O—, —OP(S)(O−)O—, —OP(O)(S−)O—, and —OP(OR7)O—. In some embodiments, R1 is selected from—OP(O)(OR7)O— and —OP(OR7)O—. In some embodiments, R2 is selected from C1-3 alkyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, —OR7, —OC(O)R7, —SR7, —N(R7), —C(O)R7, and —S(O)R7. In some embodiments, R2 is selected from C1-3 alkyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from—OR7, —OC(O)R7, —SR7, and —N(R7)2. In some embodiments, R2 is selected from C1-3 alkyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from—OR7 and —OC(O)R7. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from halogen, —OR7, —SR7, —N(R7)2, —C(O)R7, —OC(O)R7, and —S(O)R7. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from—OR7—SR7, —OC(O)R7, and —N(R7)2. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from —OR7— and —OC(O)R7. In some embodiments, R4 is selected from halogen, —OR7, —SR7, —N(R7)2, —C(O)R7, —OC(O)R7, and —S(O)R7. In some embodiments, R4 is selected from—OR7—SR7, —OC(O)R7, and —N(R7)2. In some embodiments, R4 is selected from—OR7— and —OC(O)R7. In some embodiments, R5 is selected from—OC(O)R7, —OC(O)N(R7)2, —N(R7)C(O)R7—N(R7)C(O)N(R7)2, and —N(R7)C(O)OR7. In some embodiments, R5 is selected from—OC(O)R7 and —N(R7)C(O)R7. In some embodiments, each R7 is independently selected from: hydrogen; and C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, —OH, —SH, —NO2, —NH2, ═O, ═S, —O—C1-6 alkyl, —S—C1-6 alkyl, —N(C1-6 alkyl)2, —NH(C1-6 alkyl), C3-10 carbocycle, or 3- to 10-membered heterocycle. In some embodiments, each R7 is independently selected from C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, —OH, —SH, —NO2, —NH2, ═O, ═S, —O—C1-6 alkyl, —S—C1-6 alkyl, —N(C1-6 alkyl)2, and —NH(C1-6 alkyl). In some embodiments, each R7 is independently selected from C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, —OH, and —SH. In some embodiments, w is 1; v is 1; n is 2; m is 1 or 2; z is 3 and Y is C; Q is phenyl or cyclohexyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, —OH, —SH, —NO2, —NH2, and C1-3 alkyl; R1 is selected from—OP(O)(OR7)O—, —OP(S)(OR7)O—, —OP(O)(O−)O—, —OP(S)(O−) O—, —OP(O)(S−)O—, and —OP(OR7)O—; R2 is C1 alkyl substituted with—OH or—OC(O)CH3; R3 is —OH or—OC(O)CH3; R4 is —OH or —OC(O)CH3; and R5 is —NH(O)CH3. In some embodiments, the compound comprises:
In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide (J) is attached at a 5′ end or a 3′ end of the oligonucleotide. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises DNA. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises RNA. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises one or more modified internucleoside linkages. In some embodiments, the one or more modified internucleoside linkages comprise alkylphosphonate, phosphorothioate, methylphosphonate, phosphorodithioate, alkylphosphonothioate, phosphoramidate, carbamate, carbonate, phosphate triester, acetamidate, or carboxymethyl ester, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 modified internucleoside linkages. In some embodiments, the compound binds to an asialoglycoprotein receptor. In some embodiments, the compound targets a hepatocyte.
Some embodiments include the following, where J is the oligonucleotide:
J may include one or more additional phosphates, or one or more phosphorothioates linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include one or more additional phosphates linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include one or more phosphorothioates linking to the oligonucleotide.
Some embodiments include the following, where J is the oligonucleotide:
J may include one or more additional phosphates, or one or more phosphorothioates linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include one or more additional phosphates linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include one or more phosphorothioates linking to the oligonucleotide.
Some embodiments include the following, where J is the oligonucleotide:
J may include one or more phosphates or phosphorothioates linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include one or more phosphates linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include a phosphate linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include one or more phosphorothioates linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include a phosphorothioate linking to the oligonucleotide.
Some embodiments include the following, where J is the oligonucleotide:
The structure in this compound attached to the oligonucleotide (J) may be referred to as “ETL17,” and is an example of a GalNAc moiety. J may include one or more phosphates or phosphorothioates linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include one or more phosphates linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include a phosphate linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include one or more phosphorothioates linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include a phosphorothioate linking to the oligonucleotide.
Some embodiments include the following, where the phosphate or “5′” indicates a connection to the oligonucleotide:
Some embodiments include the following, where the phosphate or “5” indicates a connection to the oligonucleotide:
Some embodiments include the following, where J is the oligonucleotide:
include one or more phosphates or phosphorothioates linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include one or more phosphates linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include a phosphate linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include one or more phosphorothioates linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include a phosphorothioate linking to the oligonucleotide.
Some embodiments include the following, where J is the oligonucleotide:
The structure in this compound attached to the oligonucleotide (J) may be referred to as “ETL1,” and is an example of a GalNAc moiety. J may include one or more phosphates or phosphorothioates linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include one or more phosphates linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include a phosphate linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include one or more phosphorothioates linking to the oligonucleotide. J may include a phosphorothioate linking to the oligonucleotide.
3. siRNA Modification Patterns
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an siRNA comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the sense strand comprises modification pattern 1S:
-
- 5′-NfsnsNfnNfnNfNfNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6015), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 2S:
- 5′-nsnsnnNfnNfNfNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6016), wherein “Nf is a 2” fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 3S:
- 5′-nsnsnnNfnNfnNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6017), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 4S:
- 5′-NfsnsNfnNfnNfNfNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfsnsnN-moiety-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6018), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside. “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage, and N comprises one or more nucleosides. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 5S: 5″-nsnsnnNfnNfNfNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsnN-moiety-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6019), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside. “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage, and N comprises one or more nucleosides. In some embodiments, the moiety in modification pattern 4S or 5S is a lipid moiety. In some embodiments, the moiety in modification pattern 4S or 5S is a sugar moiety. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 6S: 5′-NfsnsNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6020), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 7S: 5′-nsnsnnNfNfNfNfNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6021), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 8S:
- 5″-nsnsnnnNfNfNfNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6022), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 9S:
- 5′-nsnsnnnnNfNfNfNfnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6023), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 10S:
- 5-NfsnNfnNfnNfNfNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6024), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 11S:
- 5′-NfsnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6025), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 12S:
- 5-NfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6026), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 13S:
- 5′-nnnnnnNfnNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6027), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 14S:
- 5′-nnnnnnnNfNfNfNfnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6028), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 15S:
- 5′-nnnnNfnnnNfnNfnnnnnnnnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6029), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 16S:
- 5′-nnnnnnnNfNfnNfnnnnnnnnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6030), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 17S:
- 5′-nnnnnnNfNfNfNfNfnnnnnnnnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6031), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 18S:
- 5′-nnnnNfnNfNfNfNfnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6032), wherein “Nf is a 2” fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 19S:
- 5′-nnnnnNfNfNfNfnNfnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6033), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 20S:
- 5′-nnnnnNfNfNfNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6034), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 21S:
- 5′-nnnnNfNfNfNfNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6035), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 22S:
- 5′-nnnnnnnnNfNfnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6036), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 23S:
- 5′-nnnnnnNfNfNfNfnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6037), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 24S:
- 5′-nnnnNfNfnnNfnNfnnnnnnnnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6038), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 25S:
- 5′-nnnnNfnNfnNfnNfnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6039), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 26S:
- 5′-nnnnnNfnnNfnNfnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6040), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 27S:
- 5′-nnnnnNfNfnNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6041), wherein “Nf is a 2” fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 28S:
- 5″-nnnnnnNfnNfNfnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6042), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 29S:
- 5′-nNfnNfnNfnNfNfnnnnnNfnNfNfnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6043), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 30S:
- 5′-snnnnnNfNfNfNfnNfnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6044), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 31S:
- 5′-snnnnnNfNfNfNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6045), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 32S:
- 5″-snnnnNfNfNfNfNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6046), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 33S:
- 5′-snnnnnnnnNfNfnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6047), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 34S:
- 5′-snnnnNfNfnnNfnNfnnnnnnnnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6048), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 35S:
- 5′-snNfnNfnNfnNfNfnnnnnNfnNfNfnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6049), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 36S:
- 5′-nnnnnNfnNfNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6050), wherein “Nf is a 2” fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 37S:
- 5′-nnnnNfnnNfNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6051), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 38S:
- 5′-nnnnNfnNfnNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6052), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 39S:
- 5′-nnnnNfNfnnNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6053), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 40S:
- 5′-nnnnNfNfnNfNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6054), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 41:
- 5′-snnnnNfNfnNfNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6055), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 42S:
- 5′-snnnnNfNfnnNfNfnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6056), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 43S:
- 5-snnnnNfnNfnNfnnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6057), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 44S:
- 5′-snnnnnnnnNfnNfnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6058), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 45S:
- 5′-snnnnnNfNfNfNfnNfnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6059), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 46S:
- 5′-snnnnnnNfnNfnNfnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6060), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 47S:
- 5′-snnnnNfnNfnNfnNfnnnnnnnnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6061), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 48S:
- 5′-snnnnnnnnNfNfnnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6062), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 49S:
- 5″-snnnnNfnnNfNfnNfnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6063), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 50S:
- 5-snnnnnNfNfnNfnNfnnnnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6064), wherein “Nf is a 2” fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an siRNA comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises modification pattern 1AS:
-
- 5″-nsNfsnNfnNfnNfnNfnnnNfnNfnNfnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6065), wherein “Nf is a 2” fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises modification pattern 2AS:
- 5′-nsNfsnnnNfnNfNfnnnnNfnNfinnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6066), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises modification pattern 3AS:
- 5′-nsNfsnnnNfnnnnnnnNfnNfnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6067), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises modification pattern 4AS:
- 5′-nsNfsnNfnNfnnnnnnnNfnNfnnnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6068), wherein “Nf is a 2” fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises modification pattern 5AS:
- 5″-nsNfsnnnnnnnnnnnNfnNfnnnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6069), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises modification pattern 6AS:
- 5″-nsNfsnnnNfnnNfnnnnNfnNfnnnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6070), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises modification pattern 7AS:
- 5′-nsNfsnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6071), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises modification pattern 8AS:
- 5″-nsNfsnnnnnnnnnnnNfnnnnnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6072), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises modification pattern 9AS:
- 5′-5 VpnsNfsnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnsnsn-3″ (SEQ ID NO: 6073), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside. “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage, and “5Vp” is a 5′ vinylphosphonate. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises modification pattern 10AS: 5′-nsnsnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnNfnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6075), wherein “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside. “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an siRNA comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the sense strand comprises pattern 1S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 2S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS. 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 3S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 4S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 5S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS. 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 6S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 7S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 8S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS. 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 9S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 10S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 11S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS. 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 12S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 13S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 14S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS. 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 15S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 16S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 17S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS. 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 18S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 19S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 20S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS. 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 21S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 22S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 23S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS. 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 24S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 25S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 26S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS. 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 27S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 28S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 29S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS. 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 30S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 31S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 32S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS. 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 33S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 34S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 35S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS. 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 36S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 37S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 38S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS. 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 39S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 40S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 41S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS. 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 42S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 43S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 44S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS. 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 45S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 46S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 47S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS. 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 48S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 49S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 50S and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS. 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS.
In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, 6S, 7S, 8S, 9S. 10S, 11S, 12S, 13S, 14S, 15S, 16S, 17S, 18S, 19S, 20S, 21S, 22S, 23S, 24S, 25S, 26S, 27S, 28S. 29S, 30S, 31S, 32S, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 37S, 38S, 39S, 40S, 41S, 42S, 43S, 44S, 45S, 46S, 47S, 48S. 49S, or 50S, and the antisense strand comprises pattern 1AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, 6S, 7S, 8S, 9S, 10S, 11S, 12S, 13S, 14S, 15S, 16S, 17S, 18S. 19S, 20S, 21S, 22S, 23S, 24S, 25S, 26S, 27S, 28S, 29S, 30S, 31S, 32S, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 37S, 38S. 39S, 40S, 41S, 42S, 43S, 44S, 45S, 46S, 47S, 48S, 49S, or 50S, and the antisense strand comprises pattern 2AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, 6S, 7S, 8S. 9S, 10S, 11S, 12S, 13S, 14S, 15S, 16S, 17S, 18S, 19S, 20S, 21S, 22S, 23S, 24S, 25S, 26S, 27S, 28S. 29S, 30S, 31S, 32S, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 37S, 38S, 39S, 40S, 41S, 42S, 43S, 44S, 45S, 46S, 47S, 48S. 49S, or 50S, and the antisense strand comprises pattern 3AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, 6S, 7S, 8S, 9S, 10S, 11S, 12S, 13S, 14S, 15S, 16S, 17S, 18S. 19S, 20S, 21S, 22S, 23S, 24S, 25S, 26S, 27S, 28S, 29S, 30S, 31S, 32S, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 37S, 38S. 39S, 40S, 41S, 42S, 43S, 44S, 45S, 46S, 47S, 48S, 49S, or 50S, and the antisense strand comprises pattern 4AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, 6S, 7S, 8S. 9S, 10S, 11S, 12S, 13S, 14S, 15S, 16S, 17S, 18S, 19S, 20S, 21S, 22S, 23S, 24S, 25S, 26S, 27S, 28S. 29S, 30S, 31S, 32S, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 37S, 38S, 39S, 40S, 41S, 42S, 43S, 44S, 45S, 46S, 47S, 48S. 49S, or 50S, and the antisense strand comprises pattern 5AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, 6S, 7S, 8S, 9S, 10S, 11S, 12S, 13S, 14S, 15S, 16S, 17S, 18S. 19S, 20S, 21S, 22S, 23S, 24S, 25S, 26S, 27S, 28S, 29S, 30S, 31S, 32S, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 37S, 38S. 39S, 40S, 41S, 42S, 43S, 44S, 45S, 46S, 47S, 48S, 49S, or 50S, and the antisense strand comprises pattern 6AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, 6S, 7S, 8S. 9S, 10S, 11S, 12S, 13S, 14S, 15S, 16S, 17S, 18S, 19S, 20S, 21S, 22S, 23S, 24S, 25S, 26S, 27S, 28S. 29S, 30S, 31S, 32S, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 37S, 38S, 39S, 40S, 41S, 42S, 43S, 44S, 45S, 46S, 47S, 48S. 49S, or 50S, and the antisense strand comprises pattern 7AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, 6S, 7S, 8S, 9S, 10S, 11S, 12S, 13S, 14S, 15S, 16S, 17S, 18S. 19S, 20S, 21S, 22S, 23S, 24S, 25S, 26S, 27S, 28S, 29S, 30S, 31S, 32S, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 37S, 38S. 39S, 40S, 41S, 42S, 43S, 44S, 45S, 46S, 47S, 48S, 49S, or 50S, and the antisense strand comprises pattern 8AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, 6S, 7S, 8S. 9S, 10S, 11S, 12S, 13S, 14S, 15S, 16S, 17S, 18S, 19S, 20S, 21S, 22S, 23S, 24S, 25S, 26S, 27S, 28S. 29S, 30S, 31S, 32S, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 37S, 38S, 39S, 40S, 41S, 42S, 43S, 44S, 45S, 46S, 47S, 48S. 49S, or 50S, and the antisense strand comprises pattern 9AS. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises pattern 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, 6S, 7S, 8S, 9S, 10S, 11S, 12S, 13S, 14S, 15S, 16S, 17S, 18S. 19S, 20S, 21S, 22S, 23S, 24S, 25S, 26S, 27S, 28S, 29S, 30S, 31S, 32S, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 37S, 38S. 39S, 40S, 41S, 42S, 43S, 44S, 45S, 46S, 47S, 48S, 49S, or 50S, and the antisense strand comprises pattern 10AS.
In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, 6S. 7S, 8S, 9S, 10S, 11S, 12S, 13S, 14S, 15S, 16S, 17S, 18S, 19S, 20S, 21S, 22S, 23S, 24S, 25S, 26S. 27S, 28S, 29S, 30S, 31S, 32S, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 37S, 38S, 39S, 40S, 41S, 42S, 43S, 44S, 45S, 46S. 47S, 48S, 49S, or 50S. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 1S, 2S. 3S, 4S, 5S, 6S, 7S, 8S, 9S, 10S, 11S, 12S, 13S, 14S, 15S, 16S, 17S, 18S, 19S, 20S, 21S, 22S, 23S. 24S, 25S, 26S, 27S, 28S, 29S, 30S, 31S, 32S, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 37S, 38S, 39S or 40S. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises modification pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS. 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises modification pattern 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises modification pattern 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, 6S, 7S, 8S, 9S, 10S, 11S, 12S, 13S, 14S. 15S, 16S, 17S, 18S, 19S, 20S, 21S, 22S, 23S, 24S, 25S, 26S, 27S, 28S, 29S, 30S, 31S, 32S, 33S, 34S. 35S, 36S, 37S, 38S, 39S, 40S, 41S, 42S, 43S, 44S, 45S, 46S, 47S, 48S, 49S, or 50S. In some embodiments, the sense strand or the antisense strand comprises modification pattern ASO1.
In some embodiments, purines of the sense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines. In some embodiments, purines of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, purines of the sense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, all purines of the sense strand comprise 2° fluoro modified purines. In some embodiments, all purines of the sense strand comprise 2″-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, all purines of the sense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines.
In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines.
In some embodiments, purines of the sense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, purines of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines, and pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, purines of the sense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, purines of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines, and pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and purines of the sense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and purines of the sense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and purines of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and purines of the sense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines.
In some embodiments, all purines of the sense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and all pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all purines of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines, and all pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all purines of the sense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and all pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all purines of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines, and all pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and all purines of the sense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and all purines of the sense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and all purines of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the sense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and all purines of the sense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines.
In some embodiments, purines of the antisense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines. In some embodiments, purines of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, purines of the antisense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, all purines of the antisense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines. In some embodiments, all purines of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, all purines of the antisense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines.
In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise 2″-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines.
In some embodiments, purines of the antisense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, purines of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines, and pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, purines of the antisense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, purines of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines, and pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and purines of the antisense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and purines of the antisense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise 2″ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and purines of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and purines of the antisense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines.
In some embodiments, all purines of the antisense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and all pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all purines of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines, and all pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all purines of the antisense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and all pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all purines of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines, and all pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise 2° fluoro modified pyrimidines, and all purines of the antisense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and all purines of the antisense strand comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and all purines of the antisense strand comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, all pyrimidines of the antisense strand comprise 2-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and all purines of the antisense strand comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines.
Disclosed herein, in some embodiments, are modified oligonucleotides. The modified oligonucleotide may be an siRNA that includes modifications to the ribose rings, and phosphate linkages. The modifications may be in particular patterns that maximize cell delivery, stability, and efficiency. The siRNA may also include a vinyl phosphonate and a hydrophobic group. These modifications may aid in delivery to a cell or tissue within a subject. The modified oligonucleotide may be used in a method such as a treatment method or a method of reducing gene expression.
In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises a duplex consisting of 21 nucleotide single strands with base pairing between 19 of the base pairs. In some embodiments, the duplex comprises single-stranded 2 nucleotide overhangs are at the 3′ ends of each strand. One strand (antisense strand) is complementary to a PLIN1 mRNA. Each end of the antisense strand has one to two phosphorothioate bonds. The 5′ end has an optional phosphate mimic such as a vinyl phosphonate. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is used to knock down a PLIN1 mRNA or a target protein. In some embodiments, the sense strand has the same sequence as the PLIN1 mRNA. In some embodiments, there are 1-2 phosphorothioates at the 3′ end. In some embodiments, there are 1 or no phosphorothioates at the 5′ end. In some embodiments, there is a hydrophobic conjugate of 12 to 25 carbons attached at the 5′ end via a phosphodiester bond.
In some cases, the sense strand of any of the siRNAs comprises siRNA with a particular modification pattern. In some embodiments of the modification pattern, position 9 counting from the 5′ end of the sense strand may have a 2′F modification. In some embodiments, when position 9 of the sense strand is a pyrimidine, then all purines in the sense strand have a 2′OMe modification. In some embodiments, when position 9 is the only pyrimidine between positions 5 and 11 of the sense stand, then position 9 is the only position with a 2′F modification in the sense strand. In some embodiments, when position 9 and only one other base between positions 5 and 11 of the sense strand are pyrimidines, then both of these pyrimidines are the only two positions with a 2′F modification in the sense strand. In some embodiments, when position 9 and only two other bases between positions 5 and 11 of the sense strand are pyrimidines, and those two other pyrimidines are in adjacent positions so that there would be not three 2′F modifications in a row, then any combination of 2′F modifications can be made that give three 2′F modifications in total. In some embodiments, when there are more than 2 pyrimidines between positions 5 and 11 of the sense strand, then all combinations of pyrimidines having the 2′F modification are allowed that have three to five 2′F modifications in total, provided that the sense strand does not have three 2′F modifications in a row. In some cases, the sense strand of any of the siRNAs comprises a modification pattern which conforms to any or all of these sense strand rules.
In some embodiments, when position 9 of the sense strand is a purine, then all purines in the sense strand have a 2′OMe modification. In some embodiments, when position 9 is the only purine between positions 5 and 11 of the sense stand, then position 9 is the only position with a 2′F modification in the sense strand. In some embodiments, when position 9 and only one other base between positions 5 and 11 of the sense strand are purines, then both of these purines are the only two positions with a 2′F modification in the sense strand. In some embodiments, when position 9 and only two other bases between positions 5 and 11 of the sense strand are purines, and those two other purines are in adjacent positions so that there would be not three 2′F modifications in a row, then any combination of 2′F modifications can be made that give three 2′F modifications in total. In some embodiments, when there are more than 2 purines between positions 5 and 11 of the sense strand, then all combinations of purines having the 2′F modification are allowed that have three to five 2′F modifications in total, provided that the sense strand does not have three 2′F modifications in a row. In some cases, the sense strand of any of the siRNAs comprises a modification pattern which conforms to any or all of these sense strand rules.
In some cases, position 9 of the sense strand can be a 2′ deoxy. In these cases, 2′F and 2′OMe modifications may occur at the other positions of the sense strand. In some cases, the sense strand of any of the siRNAs comprises a modification pattern which conforms to these sense strand rules.
In some cases, the sense strand of any of the siRNAs comprises a modification pattern which conforms to these sense strand rules.
Disclosed herein, in some embodiments are compositions comprising an oligonucleotide that targets PLIN1 and when administered to a cell decreases expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises a small interfering RNA (siRNA) comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the sense strand comprises a sense strand sequence described herein in which at least one internucleoside linkage is modified and at least one nucleoside is modified, or an sense strand sequence comprising 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions of the oligonucleotide sequence in which at least one internucleoside linkage is modified and at least one nucleoside is modified, and wherein the antisense strand comprises an antisense strand sequence described herein in which at least one internucleoside linkage is modified and at least one nucleoside is modified, or an oligonucleotide sequence comprising 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions of the antisense strand sequence in which at least one internucleoside linkage is modified and at least one nucleoside is modified. Some embodiments relate to methods that include administering the composition to a subject.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises a sense strand, an antisense strand, and a lipid moiety connected to an end of the sense or antisense strand; wherein the lipid moiety comprises a phenyl or cyclohexyl linker, wherein the linker is connected to a lipid and to the end of the sense or antisense strand. In some embodiments, any one of the following is true with regard to the sense strand; all purines comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines; all purines comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines; all purines comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines; all pyrimidines comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines; all pyrimidines comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines; or all pyrimidines comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines. In some embodiments, any one of the following is true with regard to the antisense strand; all purines comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines; all purines comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines; all purines comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines; all pyrimidines comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines; all pyrimidines comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2″-O-methyl modified purines; or all pyrimidines comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand; wherein the antisense strand comprises a 5′ end comprising a vinyl phosphonate and 2 phosphorothioate linkages, and a 3′ end comprising 2 phosphorothioate linkages; wherein the sense strand comprises a 5′ end comprising a hydrophobic moiety, and a 3′ end comprising 2 phosphorothioate linkages; wherein any one of the following is true with regard to the sense strand; all purines comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, all purines comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, all purines comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, all pyrimidines comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines, all pyrimidines comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2-O-methyl modified purines, or all pyrimidines comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines; and wherein any one of the following is true with regard to the antisense strand; all purines comprise 2′ fluoro modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, all purines comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, all purines comprise 2′-O-methyl modified purines, and all pyrimidines comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, all pyrimidines comprise 2′ fluoro modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2-O-methyl modified purines, all pyrimidines comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise a mixture of 2′ fluoro and 2′-O-methyl modified purines, or all pyrimidines comprise 2′-O-methyl modified pyrimidines, and all purines comprise 2″ fluoro modified purines.
In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises one or two 3′ phosphorothioate linkages. For example, there may be a phosphorothioate linkage between the first and second nucleotides from the 3′ end of the antisense strand, or there may be phosphorothioate linkages between the first, second and third nucleotides from the 3′ end of the antisense strand. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises one or two 5′ phosphorothioate linkages. For example, there may be a phosphorothioate linkage between the first and second nucleotides from the 5′ end of the sense strand, or there may be phosphorothioate linkages between the first, second and third nucleotides from the 5′ end of the sense strand. In some embodiments, the sense strand does not comprise one or two 5′ phosphorothioate linkages. For example, in some embodiments, there are no phosphorothioate linkages between the last 3 nucleotides at the 5′ end of the sense strand. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises 5′ phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises one or two 3′ phosphorothioate linkages. For example, there may be a phosphorothioate linkage between the first and second nucleotides from the 3′ end of the sense strand, or there may be phosphorothioate linkages between the first, second and third nucleotides from the 3″ end of the sense strand.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of a target nucleic acid, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an siRNA comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises a hydrophobic moiety. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic moiety may be attached at the 5′ end of the sense strand. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic moiety may be attached at the 3′ end of the sense strand. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic moiety may be attached at the 5′ end of the antisense strand. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic moiety may be attached at the 3′ end of the antisense strand.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of a target nucleic acid, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an siRNA comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises one or more vinyl phosphonate. In some embodiments, the one or more vinyl phosphonate may be attached at the 5′ end of the sense strand. In some embodiments, the one or more vinyl phosphonate may be attached at the 3′ end of the sense strand. In some embodiments, the one or more vinyl phosphonate may be attached at the 5′ end of the antisense strand. In some embodiments, the one or more vinyl phosphonate may be attached at the 3′ end of the antisense strand.
In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises or consists of RNA or modified RNA nucleotides. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises a deoxy nucleoside. The deoxy nucleoside may include a DNA nucleoside. In some embodiments, the deoxy nucleoside comprises or consists of a 2′ deoxy nucleoside. The deoxy nucleoside may be at a position within the sense strand (5′ to 3′, where the 5′ position is 1). The position within the sense strand may be or include position 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, or 18, or a combination of said positions. The position within the sense strand may be or include position 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, or 18, or a combination of said positions. The position within the sense strand may be or include position 2, 6, 9, 10, 14, or 18, or a combination of said positions. The position within the sense strand may be or include position 2, 6, 10, 14, or 18, or a combination of said positions. The position within the sense strand may be or include position 4, 8, 9, 12, or 16, or a combination of said positions. The position within the sense strand may be or include position 4, 8, 12, or 16, or a combination of said positions. The position within the sense strand may include position 9. The position within the sense strand may be position 9. The sense strand may include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19 deoxy nucleosides. In some embodiments, the sense strand includes 1 deoxy nucleoside. The sense strand may include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19 deoxy nucleosides, or a range of deoxy nucleosides defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers of deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include deoxy nucleosides at all even positions. The sense strand may include deoxy nucleosides at some even positions. The sense strand may include deoxy nucleosides at every other even position. The sense strand may include 1 deoxy nucleoside. The sense strand may include at least 1 deoxy nucleoside. The sense strand may include at least 2 deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include at least 3 deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include at least 4 deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include at least 5 deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include at least 6 deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include at least 7 deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include at least 8 deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include at least 9 deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include at least 10 deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include no greater than 2 deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include no greater than 3 deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include no greater than 4 deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include no greater than 5 deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include no greater than 6 deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include no greater than 7 deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include no greater than 8 deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include no greater than 9 deoxy nucleosides. The sense strand may include no greater than 10 deoxy nucleosides.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 10, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 3 or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 10, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 10. The siRNA may include the same internucleoside linkage modifications or nucleoside modifications as those in Table 10. The siRNA may include any different internucleoside linkage modifications or nucleoside modifications different from those in Table 10. The siRNA may include some unmodified internucleoside linkages or nucleosides.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 11, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 3 or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 11, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 11. The siRNA may include the same internucleoside linkage modifications or nucleoside modifications as those in Table 11. The siRNA may include any different internucleoside linkage modifications or nucleoside modifications different from those in Table 11. The siRNA may include some unmodified internucleoside linkages or nucleosides.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 12, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 3 or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 12, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 12. The siRNA may include the same internucleoside linkage modifications or nucleoside modifications as those in Table 12. The siRNA may include any different internucleoside linkage modifications or nucleoside modifications different from those in Table 12. The siRNA may include some unmodified internucleoside linkages or nucleosides.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 14, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 3 or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 14, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 14. The siRNA may include the same internucleoside linkage modifications or nucleoside modifications as those in Table 14. The siRNA may include any different internucleoside linkage modifications or nucleoside modifications different from those in Table 14. The siRNA may include some unmodified internucleoside linkages or nucleosides.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 16, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 3 or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 16, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 16. The siRNA may include the same internucleoside linkage modifications or nucleoside modifications as those in Table 16. The siRNA may include any different internucleoside linkage modifications or nucleoside modifications different from those in Table 16. The siRNA may include some unmodified internucleoside linkages or nucleosides.
In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 18, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 3 or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 18, or a nucleic acid sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises the sense strand and/or the antisense strand sequence of an siRNA in Table 18. The siRNA may include the same internucleoside linkage modifications or nucleoside modifications as those in Table 18. The siRNA may include any different internucleoside linkage modifications or nucleoside modifications different from those in Table 18. The siRNA may include some unmodified internucleoside linkages or nucleosides.
Some siRNAs include ETD01754 or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises a sense strand having a sequence in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 5947. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5947, at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5947, at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5947, at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5947, or at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5947. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO 5947, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5947, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5947. The sense strand may comprise any modifications or modification pattern described herein. The sense strand may comprise a moiety such as a GalNAc moiety or a lipid moiety. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises an antisense strand having a sequence in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 5960. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5960, at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5960, at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5960, at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5960, or at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5960. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO 5960, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5960, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5960. The antisense strand may comprise any modifications or modification pattern described herein. The antisense strand may comprise a moiety such as a GalNAc moiety or a lipid moiety.
Some siRNAs include ETD01900 or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises a sense strand having a sequence in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 5951. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5951, at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5951, at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5951, at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5951, or at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5951. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO 5951, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5951, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5951. The sense strand may comprise any modifications or modification pattern described herein. The sense strand may comprise a moiety such as a GalNAc moiety or a lipid moiety. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises an antisense strand having a sequence in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 5964. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5964, at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5964, at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5964, at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5964, or at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5964. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO 5964, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5964, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5964. The antisense strand may comprise any modifications or modification pattern described herein. The antisense strand may comprise a moiety such as a GalNAc moiety or a lipid moiety.
Some siRNAs include ETD01901 or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises a sense strand having a sequence in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 5952. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5952, at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5952, at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5952, at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5952, or at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5952. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO 5952, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5952, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5952. The sense strand may comprise any modifications or modification pattern described herein. The sense strand may comprise a moiety such as a GalNAc moiety or a lipid moiety. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises an antisense strand having a sequence in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 5965. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5965, at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5965, at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5965, at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5965, or at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5965. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO 5965, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5965, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5965. The antisense strand may comprise any modifications or modification pattern described herein. The antisense strand may comprise a moiety such as a GalNAc moiety or a lipid moiety.
Some siRNAs include ETD01902 or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises a sense strand having a sequence in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 5953. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5953, at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5953, at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5953, at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5953, or at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5953. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO 5953, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5953, or a sense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the sense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5953. The sense strand may comprise any modifications or modification pattern described herein. The sense strand may comprise a moiety such as a GalNAc moiety or a lipid moiety. In some embodiments, the siRNA comprises an antisense strand having a sequence in accordance with SEQ ID NO: 5966. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of sequence at least 75% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5966, at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5966, at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5966, at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5966, or at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5966. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO 5966, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1, 2, 3, or 4 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5966, or an antisense strand sequence thereof having 1 or 2 nucleoside substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some embodiments, the antisense strand sequence comprises or consists of a sequence 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5966. The antisense strand may comprise any modifications or modification pattern described herein. The antisense strand may comprise a moiety such as a GalNAc moiety or a lipid moiety.
4. ASO Modification Patterns
In some embodiments, the composition comprises an oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of PLIN1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). In some embodiments, the ASO comprises modification pattern ASO1:
5″-nsnsnsnsnsdNsdNsdNsdNsdNsdNsdNsdNsdNsdNsnsnsnsnsn-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6075), wherein “dN” is any deoxynucleotide, “n” is a 2′O-methyl or 2′O-methoxyethyl-modified nucleoside, and “'s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the ASO comprises modification 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, 6S, 7S, 8S, 9S, 10S, 11S, 12S, 13S, 14S, 15S, 16S, 17S, 18S, 19S, 20S, 21S, 22S, 23S, 24S, 25S, 26S, 27S, 28S, 29S, 30S, 31S, 32S, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 37S, 38S, 39S, 40S, 41S, 42S, 43S, 44S, 45S, 46S, 47S, 48S, 49S, 50S, 1AS, 2AS, 3AS, 4AS, 5AS, 6AS, 7AS, 8AS, 9AS or 10AS.
D. Formulations
In some embodiments, the composition is a pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the composition is sterile. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises water. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises a buffer. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises a saline solution. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises water, a buffer, or a saline solution. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a liposome. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises liposomes, lipids, nanoparticles, proteins, protein-antibody complexes, peptides, cellulose, nanogel, or a combination thereof.
II. Methods and Uses
Disclosed herein, in some embodiments, are methods of administering a composition described herein to a subject. Some embodiments relate to use a composition described herein, such as administering the composition to a subject.
Some embodiments relate to a method of treating a disorder in a subject in need thereof. Some embodiments relate to use of a composition described herein in the method of treatment. Some embodiments include administering a composition described herein to a subject with the disorder. In some embodiments, the administration treats the disorder in the subject. In some embodiments, the composition treats the disorder in the subject.
In some embodiments, the treatment comprises prevention, inhibition, or reversion of the disorder in the subject. Some embodiments relate to use of a composition described herein in the method of preventing, inhibiting, or reversing the disorder. Some embodiments relate to a method of preventing, inhibiting, or reversing a disorder a disorder in a subject in need thereof. Some embodiments include administering a composition described herein to a subject with the disorder. In some embodiments, the administration prevents, inhibits, or reverses the disorder in the subject. In some embodiments, the composition prevents, inhibits, or reverses the disorder in the subject.
Some embodiments relate to a method of preventing a disorder a disorder in a subject in need thereof. Some embodiments relate to use of a composition described herein in the method of preventing the disorder. Some embodiments include administering a composition described herein to a subject with the disorder. In some embodiments, the administration prevents the disorder in the subject. In some embodiments, the composition prevents the disorder in the subject.
Some embodiments relate to a method of inhibiting a disorder a disorder in a subject in need thereof. Some embodiments relate to use of a composition described herein in the method of inhibiting the disorder. Some embodiments include administering a composition described herein to a subject with the disorder. In some embodiments, the administration inhibits the disorder in the subject. In some embodiments, the composition inhibits the disorder in the subject.
Some embodiments relate to a method of reversing a disorder a disorder in a subject in need thereof. Some embodiments relate to use of a composition described herein in the method of reversing the disorder. Some embodiments include administering a composition described herein to a subject with the disorder. In some embodiments, the administration reverses the disorder in the subject. In some embodiments, the composition reverses the disorder in the subject.
In some embodiments, the administration is systemic. In some embodiments, the administration is intravenous. In some embodiments, the administration is by injection.
A. Disorders
Some embodiments of the methods described herein include treating a disorder in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the disorder is a cardiometabolic disorder. The cardiometabolic disorder may comprise a cardiovascular disorder, a cerebrovascular disorder, a hypertensive disorder, or a metabolic disorder, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the disorder comprises a cardiovascular disorder. Non-limiting examples of cardiovascular disorders include coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or hypertension. In some embodiments, the cardiovascular disorder includes coronary artery disease. In some embodiments, the cardiovascular disorder includes peripheral vascular disease. In some embodiments, the cardiovascular disorder includes peripheral arterial disease. In some embodiments, the cardiovascular disorder includes myocardial infarction. In some embodiments, the cardiovascular disorder includes heart failure. In some embodiments, the cardiovascular disorder includes hypertension.
In some embodiments, the disorder comprises a cerebrovascular disorder. A non-limiting example of a cerebrovascular disorder may include a stroke.
In some embodiments, the disorder comprises a metabolic disorder. Non-limiting examples of metabolic disorders include hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes, or a liver disease such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder includes hyperlipidemia. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder includes hypertriglyceridemia. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder includes diabetes. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder includes a liver disease. In some embodiments, the liver disease includes NAFLD. In some embodiments, the liver disease includes NASH.
In some embodiments, the disorder comprises a hypertensive disorder. The hypertensive disorder may include hypertension.
The disorder may include hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the disorder comprises hyperlipidemia. In some embodiments, the disorder comprises hypertriglyceridemia. In some embodiments, the disorder comprises coronary artery disease. In some embodiments, the disorder comprises peripheral vascular disease. In some embodiments, the disorder comprises peripheral arterial disease. In some embodiments, the disorder comprises myocardial infarction. In some embodiments, the disorder comprises heart failure. In some embodiments, the disorder comprises stroke. In some embodiments, the disorder comprises hypertension. In some embodiments, the disorder comprises diabetes. In some embodiments, the disorder comprises a liver disease. In some embodiments, the disorder comprises NAFLD. In some embodiments, the disorder comprises NASH.
B. Subjects
Some embodiments of the methods described herein include treatment of a subject. Non-limiting examples of subjects include vertebrates, animals, mammals, dogs, cats, cattle, rodents, mice, rats, primates, monkeys, and humans. In some embodiments, the subject is a vertebrate. In some embodiments, the subject is an animal. In some embodiments, the subject is a mammal. In some embodiments, the subject is a dog. In some embodiments, the subject is a cat. In some embodiments, the subject is a cattle. In some embodiments, the subject is a mouse. In some embodiments, the subject is a rat. In some embodiments, the subject is a primate. In some embodiments, the subject is a monkey. In some embodiments, the subject is an animal, a mammal, a dog, a cat, cattle, a rodent, a mouse, a rat, a primate, or a monkey. In some embodiments, the subject is a human.
In some embodiments, the subject is male. In some embodiments, the subject is female. In some embodiments, the subject is an adult (e.g. at least 18 years old).
In some embodiments, the subject has a body mass index (BMI) of 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, or more, or a range defined by any two of the aforementioned integers. In some embodiments, the subject is overweight. In some embodiments, the subject has a BMI of 25 or more. In some embodiments, the subject has a BMI of 25-29. In some embodiments, the subject is obese. In some embodiments, the subject has a BMI of 30 or more. In some embodiments, the subject has a BMI of 30-39. In some embodiments, the subject has a BMI of 40-50. In some embodiments, the subject has a BMI of 25-50.
C. Baseline Measurements
Some embodiments of the methods described herein include obtaining a baseline measurement from a subject. For example, in some embodiments, a baseline measurement is obtained from the subject prior to treating the subject. Non-limiting examples of baseline measurements include a baseline total cholesterol measurement, a baseline non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol measurement, a baseline low density lipoprotein (LDL) measurement, a baseline triglyceride measurement, a baseline hemoglobin A1c measurement, a baseline Apolipoprotein B (APOB) measurement, a baseline glucose measurement, a baseline systolic blood pressure measurement, a baseline diastolic blood pressure measurement, a baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) measurement, a baseline aspartate aminotransferase (AST) measurement, a baseline blood alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measurement, a baseline gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) measurement, a baseline liver fibrosis score, a baseline nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score, a baseline NAFLD activity score, a baseline liver fat percentage measurement, a baseline HDL measurement, a baseline apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) measurement, a baseline insulin sensitivity measurement, a baseline left ventricular ejection fraction measurement, a baseline PLIN1 protein measurement, or a baseline PLIN1 mRNA measurement.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is obtained directly from the subject. In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is obtained by observation, for example by observation of the subject or of the subject's tissue. In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is obtained noninvasively using an imaging device.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is obtained in a sample from the subject. In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is obtained in one or more histological tissue sections. In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is obtained by performing an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay, on the sample obtained from the subject. In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is obtained by an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, a fluorescence assay, or a chromatography (e.g. HPLC) assay. In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is obtained by PCR.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline cholesterol concentration is a baseline total cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline cholesterol concentration is a baseline non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline cholesterol concentration is a baseline low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline cholesterol measurement is a baseline cholesterol concentration. In some embodiments, the baseline cholesterol measurement is a baseline circulating cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline cholesterol measurement is a baseline blood cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline cholesterol measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline low density lipoprotein (LDL) measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline LDL measurement comprises a baseline very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline LDL measurement is a baseline LDL concentration. In some embodiments, the baseline LDL measurement is a baseline circulating LDL measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline LDL measurement is a baseline blood LDL measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline LDL measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline high density lipoprotein (HDL) measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline HDL measurement is a baseline HDL concentration. In some embodiments, the baseline HDL measurement is a baseline circulating HDL measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline HDL measurement is a baseline blood HDL measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline HDL measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline ApoA1 measurement is a baseline ApoA1 concentration. In some embodiments, the baseline ApoA1 measurement is a baseline circulating ApoA1 measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline ApoA1 measurement is a baseline blood ApoA1 measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline ApoA1 measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline triglyceride measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline triglyceride measurement is a baseline triglyceride concentration (for example, mg/dL). In some embodiments, the baseline triglyceride measurement is a baseline circulating triglyceride measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline triglyceride measurement a baseline circulating triglyceride measurement above 150 mg/dL. In some embodiments, the baseline triglyceride measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement is a baseline hemoglobin A1C concentration. In some embodiments, the baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement is a baseline circulating hemoglobin A1C measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, a fluorescence assay, or HPLC. The baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement may be indicative of a healthy normal A1C measurement. The healthy normal hemoglobin A1C measurement may be below 48 mmol/mol (6.5 DCCT %). The healthy normal hemoglobin A1C measurement may be below 53 mmol/mol (7.0) DCCT %). The baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement may be indicative of diabetes of pre-diabetes. A baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement above 48 mmol/mol, or above 53 mmol/mol may indicate diabetes of pre-diabetes. The baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement may be indicative of diabetes. The baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement may be indicative of pre-diabetes. In some cases, the baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement is below 5.7 DCCT % (e.g. indicative of a normal healthy diagnosis). In some cases, the baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement is between 5.7 and 6.4 DCCT % (e.g. indicative of prediabetes). In some cases, the baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement is above 6.4 DCCT % (e.g. indicative of diabetes).
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline apolipoprotein B (APOB) measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline APOB measurement is a baseline APOB concentration. In some embodiments, the baseline APOB measurement comprises a baseline APOB concentration. In some embodiments, the baseline APOB measurement is a baseline circulating APOB measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline APOB measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline glucose measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline glucose measurement is a baseline glucose concentration (for example, mg/dL). In some embodiments, the baseline glucose measurement comprises a baseline glucose concentration. In some embodiments, the baseline glucose measurement is a baseline circulating glucose measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline glucose measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the baseline glucose measurement comprises a baseline glucose tolerance test. In some embodiments, the baseline glucose tolerance test comprises administering glucose to the subject, and then obtaining multiple baseline glucose measurements over time after administering the glucose to the subject. In some embodiments, the glucose is administered orally. In some embodiments, the glucose is administered by injection. In some embodiments, the multiple baseline glucose measurements are integrated into a baseline glucose area under the curve (AUC) measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline glucose tolerance test is performed on the subject in a fasted state such as after an overnight fast. In some embodiments, the baseline glucose measurement comprises a baseline glucose measurement other than a baseline glucose tolerance test.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline insulin measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline insulin measurement is a baseline insulin sensitivity measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline insulin sensitivity measurement is obtained using a glucose clamp technique such as a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. In some embodiments, the baseline insulin measurement is a baseline insulin concentration. In some embodiments, the baseline insulin measurement comprises a baseline insulin concentration. In some embodiments, the baseline insulin measurement is a baseline circulating insulin measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline insulin measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay (for example, an ELISA or an immunoblot), a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay. In some embodiments, the baseline insulin sensitivity measurement comprises a baseline glucose tolerance test. In some embodiments, the baseline insulin sensitivity measurement comprises a baseline insulin sensitivity measurement other than a baseline glucose tolerance test.
In some embodiments, the baseline insulin measurement comprises a baseline insulin response test. In some embodiments, the baseline insulin response test comprises administering glucose to the subject and then obtaining multiple baseline insulin measurements over time after administering the glucose to the subject. In some embodiments, the glucose is administered orally. In some embodiments, the glucose is administered by injection. In some embodiments, the multiple baseline insulin measurements are integrated into a baseline insulin AUC measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline insulin response test is performed on the subject in a fasted state such as after an overnight fast.
In some embodiments, the baseline insulin measurement comprises a baseline glucose response test. In some embodiments, the baseline glucose response test comprises administering insulin to the subject, and then obtaining multiple baseline glucose measurements over time after administering the insulin to the subject. In some embodiments, the insulin is administered by injection. In some embodiments, the multiple baseline glucose measurements are integrated into a baseline glucose AUC measurement. In some embodiments, the multiple baseline glucose measurements are obtained with a glucometer. In some embodiments, the glucose response test is performed on the subject in a fasted state such as after an overnight fast. In some embodiments, the glucose response test is performed on the subject after administering food, drink or glucose to the subject.
Some embodiments of the methods described herein include obtaining the baseline measurement of the subject by measuring blood pressure (e.g. systolic or diastolic) with a sphygmomanometer in which a healthcare professional places a cuff around an arm of the subject and inflates the cuff with a pump until the circulation is cut off. A small valve slowly deflates the cuff, and the healthcare professional measures the pressure with the aid of a stethoscope that is placed over the arm of the subject in order to listen for the sound of the blood pulsing through the arteries. The first measurement in which blood rushes is the systolic blood pressure (SBP), and after the sound fades, the second number indicates the diastolic blood pressure (DBP), which is a measure the blood pressure of the heart at rest. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) is an average blood pressure of the subject during a single cardiac cycle. The MAP can be measured directly using methods such as applanation tonometry or it can be approximated by using a formula in which the diastolic blood pressure is doubled and added to the systolic blood pressure and that composite sum is then divided by 3 to estimate MAP.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline systolic blood (SBP) pressure measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline SBP measurement is measured in mm of mercury (mm Hg). In some embodiments, the SBP measurement is obtained with a sphygmomanometer. The baseline SBP measurement may be indicative of normal blood pressure. For most adults, normal SBP at rest is within the range of 100-130 mmHg. For most adults, hypertension is present if the resting blood pressure is persistently at or above 130/80 or 140/90 mmHg. The baseline SBP measurement may be indicative of hypertension (e.g. at least 130 mmHg, or at least 140 mmHg). The baseline SBP measurement may include a baseline cerebral SBP measurement.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline diastolic blood (DBP) pressure measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline DBP measurement is measured in mm Hg. In some embodiments, the DBP measurement is obtained with a sphygmomanometer. The baseline DBP measurement may be indicative of normal blood pressure. For most adults, normal DBP at rest is within the range of 60-80 mmHg. The baseline DBP measurement may be indicative of hypertension (e.g. at least 80 mmHg, or at least 90 mmHg). The baseline DBP measurement may include a baseline cerebral DBP measurement.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline systolic heart function measurement. A baseline heart systolic function measurement may include a measure of heart pumping capacity. An example of a baseline systolic function measurement includes a baseline ejection fraction measurement. A baseline ejection fraction measurement may include a baseline left ventricular ejection fraction measurement, a baseline right ventricular ejection fraction measurement, a baseline left atrial ejection fraction measurement, or a baseline right atrial ejection fraction measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline ejection fraction measurement includes a baseline left ventricular ejection fraction measurement. A subject with heart failure, for example, may have a left ventricular ejection fraction below 60%, below 50%, below 40%, below 30%, below 20%, or below: 10%. In some embodiments, a baseline left ventricular ejection fraction below 35% is indicative of systolic dysfunction. Another example of a baseline systolic heart function measurement is a baseline cardiac output measurement. The baseline systolic heart function measurement may be measured using a medical imaging device such as an ultrasound (e.g., an echocardiography device) or magnetic resonance imaging device.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline liver enzyme measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline liver enzyme measurement is a baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline liver enzyme measurement is a baseline aspartate aminotransferase (AST) measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline liver enzyme measurement comprises an ALT/AST ratio, or comprises an AST/ALT ratio.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline ALT measurement is a baseline ALT concentration (for example. Units/dL). In some embodiments, the baseline ALT measurement is a baseline blood ALT measurement, for example, a baseline blood, serum, or plasma ALT level. In some embodiments, the baseline ALT measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline aspartate aminotransferase (AST) measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline AST measurement is a baseline AST concentration (for example. Units/L). In some embodiments, the baseline AST measurement is a baseline blood AST measurement, for example, a baseline blood, serum, or plasma AST level. In some embodiments, the baseline AST measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline ALP measurement is a baseline ALP concentration. In some embodiments, the baseline ALP measurement is a baseline blood ALP measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline ALP measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, a chromatography assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline GGT measurement is a baseline GGT concentration. In some embodiments, the baseline GGT measurement is a baseline blood GGT measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline GGT measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, a chromatography assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline liver fibrosis measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline liver fibrosis measurement is a baseline liver fibrosis score (LFS). In some embodiments, the baseline LFS comprises a score of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, or a range of scores defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers. In some embodiments, the baseline LFS comprises a score of 0-4. In some embodiments, the baseline LFS is obtained using a scoring system exemplified in Table 2. In some embodiments, the baseline LFS measurement is obtained noninvasively. In some embodiments, the baseline LFS measurement is obtained by a medical imaging device such as a vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) device, a shear wave elastography device, a medical resonance imaging (MRI) device, a magnetic resonance spectroscopy device, a computed tomography device, or an ultrasound device. In some embodiments, the baseline LFS measurement is obtained in a liver sample. In some embodiments, the baseline LFS is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay. In some embodiments, the baseline LFS is obtained using one or more indirect markers or measures of liver fibrosis such as an aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), a Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, a FibroIndex, a Forns Index, a Hepascore, or a FibroTest. In some embodiments, the baseline LFS is obtained using one or more indirect markers or measures of liver fibrosis such as a FIBROSpect test or a FIBROSpect II test. In some embodiments, the baseline LFS is obtained by RT-qPCR or RNA sequencing of one or more fibrosis-related genes such as a collagen gene. In some embodiments, the baseline LFS or the baseline LFS is obtained using a scoring system upon a visual inspection of a sample such as a histological sample. In some embodiments, the baseline LFS or the baseline LFS is obtained using a stain with an affinity to collagen.
In some embodiments, the baseline liver fibrosis measurement is a baseline nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score. A baseline NAFLD fibrosis score may take into account laboratory test values such as platelet count, albumin, and AST/ALT ratio, and patient characteristics such as BMI, and diabetes status. A baseline NAFLD fibrosis score below −1.455 may be indicative of no fibrosis, mild fibrosis, or moderate fibrosis. A baseline NAFLD fibrosis score between-1.455 and 0.675 may be indicative of severe fibrosis. A baseline NAFLD fibrosis score above 0.675 may be indicative of cirrhosis.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score. In some embodiments, the baseline NAFLD activity score comprises a numerical value such as a number of points. In some embodiments, the numerical value is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, or a range defined by any two of the aforementioned numerical values. In some embodiments, the numerical value is 0-8. In some embodiments, the baseline NAFLD activity score comprises a steatosis grade such as a baseline liver fat percentage. In some embodiments, a steatosis grade <5% comprises 0 points in the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, a steatosis grade of 5-33% comprises 1 point in the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, a steatosis grade of 34-66% comprises 2 points in the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, a steatosis grade of >66% comprises 3 points in the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the baseline NAFLD activity score comprises a lobular inflammation grade. In some embodiments, the lobular inflammation grade comprises an assessment of inflammatory foci. In some embodiments, a lobular inflammation grade comprising 0 foci comprises 0 points in the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, a lobular inflammation grade comprising 1 focus per a field (such as a 20× field or a 200× field) comprises 1 point in the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, a lobular inflammation grade comprising 2-4 foci per field comprises 2 points in the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, a lobular inflammation grade comprising >4 foci per field comprises 3 points in the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the baseline NAFLD activity score comprises a liver cell injury grade such as an amount of ballooning cells. In some embodiments, a liver cell injury comprising no ballooning cells comprises 0 points in the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, a liver cell injury comprising some new balloon cells comprises 1 points in the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, a liver cell injury comprising many ballooning cells or prominent ballooning comprises 2 points in the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the baseline NAFLD activity score is obtained invasively, based on histology, and/or in a liver biopsy.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline liver steatosis measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline liver steatosis measurement is a baseline liver fat percentage (LFP) measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline LFP measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline LFP measurement is indicated as a mass/mass percentage of fat/total tissue. In some embodiments, the baseline LFP measurement is indicated as a mass/volume percentage of fat/total tissue. In some embodiments, the baseline LFP measurement is indicated as a volume/mass percentage of fat/total tissue. In some embodiments, the baseline LFP measurement is indicated as a volume/volume percentage of fat/total tissue. In some embodiments, the baseline LFP measurement is indicated as a score. In some embodiments, the baseline LFP measurement is obtained noninvasively. In some embodiments, the baseline LFP measurement is obtained by a medical imaging device. In some embodiments, the baseline LFP measurement is obtained by a device such as a medical resonance imaging (MRI) device, a magnetic resonance spectroscopy device a computed tomography device, a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), a transient elastography device, or an ultrasound device. In some embodiments, the baseline LFP measurement is obtained in a liver sample. In some embodiments, the baseline LFP measurement comprises a baseline liver triglyceride measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline LFP measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay. In some embodiments, the baseline LFP measurement or the baseline LFP measurement is obtained using a scoring system upon a visual inspection of a sample such as a histological sample. In some embodiments, the baseline LFP measurement or the baseline LFP measurement is obtained using a stain with an affinity to fats, such as a lysochrome diazo dye.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline PLIN1 protein measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline PLIN1 protein measurement comprises a baseline PLIN1 protein level. In some embodiments, the baseline PLIN1 protein level is indicated as a mass or percentage of PLIN1 protein per sample weight. In some embodiments, the baseline PLIN1 protein level is indicated as a mass or percentage of PLIN1 protein per sample volume. In some embodiments, the baseline PLIN1 protein level is indicated as a mass or percentage of PLIN1 protein per total protein within the sample. In some embodiments, the baseline PLIN1 protein measurement is a baseline tissue PLIN1 protein measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline PLIN1 protein measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is a baseline PLIN1 mRNA measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline PLIN1 mRNA measurement comprises a baseline PLIN1 mRNA level. In some embodiments, the baseline PLIN1 mRNA level is indicated as an amount or percentage of PLIN1 mRNA per sample weight. In some embodiments, the baseline PLIN1 mRNA level is indicated as an amount or percentage of PLIN1 mRNA per sample volume. In some embodiments, the baseline PLIN1 mRNA level is indicated as an amount or percentage of PLIN1 mRNA per total mRNA within the sample. In some embodiments, the baseline PLIN1 mRNA level is indicated as an amount or percentage of PLIN1 mRNA per total nucleic acids within the sample. In some embodiments, the baseline PLIN1 mRNA level is indicated relative to another mRNA level, such as an mRNA level of a housekeeping gene, within the sample. In some embodiments, the baseline PLIN1 mRNA measurement is a baseline tissue PLIN1 mRNA measurement. In some embodiments, the baseline PLIN1 mRNA measurement is obtained by an assay such as a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. In some embodiments, the PCR comprises quantitative PCR (qPCR). In some embodiments, the PCR comprises reverse transcription of the PLIN1 mRNA.
Some embodiments of the methods described herein include obtaining a sample from a subject. In some embodiments, the baseline measurement is obtained in a sample obtained from the subject. In some embodiments, the sample is obtained from the subject prior to administration or treatment of the subject with a composition described herein. In some embodiments, a baseline measurement is obtained in a sample obtained from the subject prior to administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the sample is obtained from the subject in a fasted state. In some embodiments, the sample is obtained from the subject after an overnight fasting period. In some embodiments, the sample is obtained from the subject in a fed state.
In some embodiments, the sample comprises a fluid. In some embodiments, the sample is a fluid sample. In some embodiments, the sample is a blood, plasma, or serum sample. In some embodiments, the sample comprises blood. In some embodiments, the sample is a blood sample. In some embodiments, the sample is a whole-blood sample. In some embodiments, the blood is fractionated or centrifuged. In some embodiments, the sample comprises plasma. In some embodiments, the sample is a plasma sample. A blood sample may be a plasma sample. In some embodiments, the sample comprises serum. In some embodiments, the sample is a serum sample. A blood sample may be a serum sample.
In some embodiments, the sample comprises a tissue. In some embodiments, the sample is a tissue sample. In some embodiments, the tissue comprises adipose, liver, brain, vascular, or heart tissue. For example, the baseline PLIN1 mRNA measurement, or the baseline PLIN1 protein measurement, may be obtained in a adipose or liver sample obtained from the patient. In some embodiments, the tissue comprises adipose tissue. In some embodiments, the adipose tissue comprises white adipose tissue. The adipose tissue may include adipocytes. In some embodiments, the tissue comprises liver tissue. The liver may include hepatocytes. In some embodiments, the tissue comprises brain tissue. In some embodiments, the tissue comprises vascular tissue. In some embodiments, the tissue comprises heart tissue. The heart tissue may include cardiomyocytes.
In some embodiments, the sample includes cells. In some embodiments, the sample comprises a cell. In some embodiments, the cell comprises an adipose cell, a liver cell, a brain cell, a vasculature cell, or a heart cell. In some embodiments, the cell is an adipose cell. In some embodiments, the adipose cell is an adipocyte. In some embodiments, the cell is a liver cell. In some embodiments, the liver cell is a hepatocyte. In some embodiments, the cell is a brain cell. In some embodiments, the cell is a vasculature cell. In some embodiments, the cell is a heart cell. In some embodiments, the heart cell is a cardiomyocyte.
D. Effects
In some embodiments, the composition or administration of the composition affects a measurement such as a total cholesterol measurement, a non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol measurement, a low density lipoprotein (LDL) measurement, a triglyceride measurement, a hemoglobin A1c measurement, a glucose measurement, an APOB measurement, a systolic blood pressure measurement, a diastolic blood pressure measurement, an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) measurement, an aspartate aminotransferase (AST) measurement, a blood alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measurement, a gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) measurement, a liver fibrosis score, a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score, an NAFLD activity score, a liver fat percentage measurement, an HDL measurement, an apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) measurement, an insulin sensitivity measurement, a left ventricular ejection fraction measurement, an PLIN1 protein measurement, or an PLIN1 mRNA measurement, relative to the baseline measurement.
Some embodiments of the methods described herein include obtaining the measurement from a subject. For example, the measurement may be obtained from the subject after treating the subject. In some embodiments, the measurement is obtained in a second sample (such as a fluid or tissue sample described herein) obtained from the subject after the composition is administered to the subject. In some embodiments, the measurement is an indication that the disorder has been treated.
In some embodiments, the measurement is obtained directly from the subject. In some embodiments, the measurement is obtained noninvasively using an imaging device. In some embodiments, the measurement is obtained in a second sample from the subject. In some embodiments, the measurement is obtained in one or more histological tissue sections. In some embodiments, the measurement is obtained by performing an assay on the second sample obtained from the subject. In some embodiments, the measurement is obtained by an assay, such as an assay described herein. In some embodiments, the assay is an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, a fluorescence assay, a chromatography (e.g. HPLC) assay, or a PCR assay. In some embodiments, the measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, a fluorescence assay, or a chromatography (e.g. HPLC) assay. In some embodiments, the measurement is obtained by PCR. In some embodiments, the measurement is obtained by histology. In some embodiments, the measurement is obtained by observation. In some embodiments, additional measurements are made, such as in a 3rd sample, a 4th sample, or a fifth sample.
In some embodiments, the measurement is obtained within 1 hour, within 2 hours, within 3 hours, within 4 hours, within 5 hours, within 6 hours, within 12 hours, within 18 hours, or within 24 hours after the administration of the composition. In some embodiments, the measurement is obtained within 1 day, within 2 days, within 3 days, within 4 days, within 5 days, within 6 days, or within 7 days after the administration of the composition. In some embodiments, the measurement is obtained within 1 week, within 2 weeks, within 3 weeks, within 1 month, within 2 months, within 3 months, within 6 months, within 1 year, within 2 years, within 3 years, within 4 years, or within 5 years after the administration of the composition. In some embodiments, the measurement is obtained after 1 hour, after 2 hours, after 3 hours, after 4 hours, after 5 hours, after 6 hours, after 12 hours, after 18 hours, or after 24 hours after the administration of the composition. In some embodiments, the measurement is obtained after 1 day, after 2 days, after 3 days, after 4 days, after 5 days, after 6 days, or after 7 days after the administration of the composition. In some embodiments, the measurement is obtained after 1 week, after 2 weeks, after 3 weeks, after 1 month, after 2 months, after 3 months, after 6 months, after 1 year, after 2 years, after 3 years, after 4 years, or after 5 years, following the administration of the composition.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the measurement relative to the baseline measurement. For example, an adverse phenotype of a cardiometabolic disorder may be reduced upon administration of the composition. In some embodiments, the reduction is measured in a second sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the reduction is measured directly in the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the measurement is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline measurement. In some embodiments, the measurement is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline measurement. In some embodiments, the measurement is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, relative to the baseline measurement. In some embodiments, the measurement is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline measurement. In some embodiments, the measurement is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline measurement. In some embodiments, the measurement is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100% relative to the baseline measurement. In some embodiments, the measurement is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition increases the measurement relative to the baseline measurement. For example, a protective cardiometabolic phenotype may be increased upon administration of the composition. In some embodiments, the increase is measured in a second sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the increase is measured directly in the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the measurement is increased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline measurement. In some embodiments, the measurement is increased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline measurement. In some embodiments, the measurement is increased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, relative to the baseline measurement. In some embodiments, the measurement is increased by about 100% or more, increased by about 250% or more, increased by about 500% or more, increased by about 750% or more, or increased by about 1000% or more, relative to the baseline measurement. In some embodiments, the measurement is increased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline measurement. In some embodiments, the measurement is increased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline measurement. In some embodiments, the measurement is increased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100% relative to the baseline measurement. In some embodiments, the measurement is increased by no more than about 100%, increased by no more than about 250%, increased by no more than about 500%, increased by no more than about 750%, or increased by no more than about 1000%, relative to the baseline measurement. In some embodiments, the measurement is increased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 250%, 500%, 750%, or 1000%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is a cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the cholesterol concentration is a total cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the cholesterol concentration is a non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the cholesterol concentration is a low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the cholesterol measurement is a cholesterol concentration. In some embodiments, the cholesterol measurement is a circulating cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the cholesterol measurement is a blood cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the cholesterol measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the cholesterol measurement relative to the baseline cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the reduction is measured in a second sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the cholesterol measurement is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the cholesterol measurement is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the cholesterol measurement is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30)% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, relative to the baseline cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the cholesterol measurement is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the cholesterol measurement is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the cholesterol measurement is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, relative to the baseline cholesterol measurement. In some embodiments, the cholesterol measurement is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is a low density lipoprotein (LDL) measurement. In some embodiments, the LDL measurement comprises a very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) measurement. In some embodiments, the LDL measurement is a LDL concentration. In some embodiments, the LDL measurement is a circulating LDL measurement. In some embodiments, the LDL measurement is a blood LDL measurement. In some embodiments, the LDL measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the LDL measurement relative to the baseline LDL measurement. In some embodiments, the reduction is measured in a second sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the LDL measurement is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline LDL measurement. In some embodiments, the LDL measurement is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline LDL measurement. In some embodiments, the LDL measurement is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, relative to the baseline LDL measurement. In some embodiments, the LDL measurement is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline LDL measurement. In some embodiments, the LDL measurement is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline LDL measurement. In some embodiments, the LDL measurement is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90%, relative to the baseline LDL measurement. In some embodiments, the LDL measurement is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is a high density lipoprotein (HDL) measurement. In some embodiments, the HDL measurement is an HDL concentration. In some embodiments, the HDL measurement is a circulating HDL measurement. In some embodiments, the HDL measurement is a blood HDL measurement. In some embodiments, the HDL measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the composition increases the HDL measurement relative to the baseline HDL measurement. In some embodiments, the increase is measured in a second sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the HDL measurement is increased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more relative to the baseline HDL measurement. In some embodiments, the HDL measurement is increased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline HDL measurement. In some embodiments, the HDL measurement is increased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, relative to the baseline HDL measurement. In some embodiments, the HDL measurement is increased by about 100% or more, increased by about 250% or more, increased by about 500% or more, increased by about 750% or more, or increased by about 1000% or more, relative to the baseline HDL measurement. In some embodiments, the HDL measurement is increased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline HDL measurement. In some embodiments, the HDL measurement is increased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline HDL measurement. In some embodiments, the HDL measurement is increased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100% relative to the baseline HDL measurement. In some embodiments, the HDL measurement is increased by no more than about 100%, increased by no more than about 250%, increased by no more than about 500%, increased by no more than about 750%, or increased by no more than about 1000%, relative to the baseline HDL measurement. In some embodiments, the HDL measurement is increased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 250%, 500%, 750%, or 1000%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is a apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) measurement. In some embodiments, the ApoA1 measurement is an ApoA1 concentration. In some embodiments, the ApoA1 measurement is a circulating ApoA1 measurement. In some embodiments, the ApoA1 measurement is a blood ApoA1 measurement. In some embodiments, the ApoA1 measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the composition increases the ApoA1 measurement relative to the baseline ApoA1 measurement. In some embodiments, the increase is measured in a second sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the ApoA1 measurement is increased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline ApoA1 measurement. In some embodiments, the ApoA1 measurement is increased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline ApoA1 measurement. In some embodiments, the ApoA1 measurement is increased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, relative to the baseline ApoA1 measurement. In some embodiments, the ApoA1 measurement is increased by about 100% or more, increased by about 250% or more, increased by about 500% or more, increased by about 750% or more, or increased by about 1000% or more, relative to the baseline ApoA1 measurement. In some embodiments, the ApoA1 measurement is increased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline ApoA1 measurement. In some embodiments, the ApoA1 measurement is increased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline ApoA1 measurement. In some embodiments, the ApoA1 measurement is increased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100% relative to the baseline ApoA1 measurement. In some embodiments, the ApoA1 measurement is increased by no more than about 100%, increased by no more than about 250%, increased by no more than about 500%, increased by no more than about 750%, or increased by no more than about 1000%, relative to the baseline ApoA1 measurement. In some embodiments, the ApoA1 measurement is increased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 250%, 500%, 750%, or 1000%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is a triglyceride measurement. In some embodiments, the triglyceride measurement is a triglyceride concentration (for example, mg/dL). In some embodiments, the triglyceride measurement is a circulating triglyceride measurement. In some embodiments, the triglyceride measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the triglyceride measurement relative to the baseline triglyceride measurement. In some embodiments, the composition reduces circulating triglycerides relative to the baseline triglyceride measurement. In some embodiments, the reduced triglycerides are measured in a second sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the triglyceride measurement is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline triglyceride measurement. In some embodiments, the triglyceride measurement is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline triglyceride measurement. In some embodiments, the triglyceride measurement is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, or about 100%, relative to the baseline triglyceride measurement. In some embodiments, the triglyceride measurement is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline triglyceride measurement. In some embodiments, the triglyceride measurement is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline triglyceride measurement. In some embodiments, the triglyceride measurement is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100% relative to the baseline triglyceride measurement. In some embodiments, the triglyceride measurement is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is a hemoglobin A1C measurement. In some embodiments, the hemoglobin A1C measurement is a hemoglobin A1C concentration. In some embodiments, the hemoglobin A1C measurement is a circulating hemoglobin A1C measurement. In some embodiments, the hemoglobin A1C measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, a fluorescence assay, or HPLC. The hemoglobin A1C measurement may be indicative of a healthy normal A1C measurement. The hemoglobin A1C measurement may be indicative of diabetes. The hemoglobin A1C measurement may be indicative of pre-diabetes.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the hemoglobin A1C measurement relative to the baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement. In some embodiments, the reduction is measured in a second fluid sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the reduction is measured directly in the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the hemoglobin A1C measurement is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement. In some embodiments, the hemoglobin A1C measurement is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement. In some embodiments, the hemoglobin A1C measurement is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, relative to the baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement. In some embodiments, the hemoglobin A1C measurement is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement. In some embodiments, the hemoglobin A1C measurement is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement. In some embodiments, the hemoglobin A1C measurement is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90% relative to the baseline hemoglobin A1C measurement. In some embodiments, the hemoglobin A1C measurement is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is a apolipoprotein B (APOB) measurement. In some embodiments, the APOB measurement is a APOB concentration. In some embodiments, the APOB measurement comprises a APOB concentration. In some embodiments, the APOB measurement is a circulating APOB measurement. In some embodiments, the APOB measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the APOB measurement relative to the baseline APOB measurement. In some embodiments, the reduction is measured in a second fluid sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the reduction is measured directly in the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the APOB measurement is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline APOB measurement. In some embodiments, the APOB measurement is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline APOB measurement. In some embodiments, the APOB measurement is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, relative to the baseline APOB measurement. In some embodiments, the APOB measurement is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline APOB measurement. In some embodiments, the APOB measurement is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline APOB measurement. In some embodiments, the APOB measurement is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90% relative to the baseline APOB measurement. In some embodiments, the APOB measurement is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is a glucose measurement. In some embodiments, the glucose measurement comprises a glucose concentration (for example, mg/dL). In some embodiments, the glucose measurement is a glucose concentration. In some embodiments, the glucose measurement is a circulating glucose measurement. In some embodiments, the glucose measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay. In some embodiments, the glucose measurement is obtained using a glucometer.
In some embodiments, the glucose measurement comprises a glucose tolerance test. In some embodiments, the glucose tolerance test comprises administering glucose to the subject, and then obtaining multiple glucose measurements over time after administering the glucose to the subject. In some embodiments, the glucose is administered orally. In some embodiments, the glucose is administered by injection. In some embodiments, the multiple glucose measurements are integrated into a glucose area under the curve (AUC) measurement. In some embodiments, the glucose tolerance test is performed on the subject in a fasted state such as after an overnight fast. In some embodiments, the glucose measurement comprises a glucose measurement other than a glucose tolerance test.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the glucose measurement relative to the baseline glucose measurement. In some embodiments, the composition reduces circulating glucose relative to the baseline glucose measurement. In some embodiments, the reduced glucose is measured in a second sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the composition reduces one or more of the multiple glucose measurements of the glucose tolerance test relative to one or more of the multiple glucose measurements of the baseline glucose tolerance test. In some embodiments, the composition reduces the glucose AUC measurement relative to the baseline glucose AUC measurement. In some embodiments, the glucose measurement is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline glucose measurement. In some embodiments, the glucose measurement is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline glucose measurement. In some embodiments, the glucose measurement is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, or about 100%, relative to the baseline glucose measurement. In some embodiments, the glucose is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline glucose measurement. In some embodiments, the glucose is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline glucose measurement. In some embodiments, the glucose is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100% relative to the baseline glucose measurement. In some embodiments, the glucose measurement is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is an insulin measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin measurement is an insulin sensitivity measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity measurement is obtained using a glucose clamp technique such as a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. In some embodiments, the insulin measurement comprises an insulin concentration. In some embodiments, the insulin measurement is an insulin concentration. In some embodiments, the insulin measurement is a circulating insulin measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity measurement comprises a glucose tolerance test. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity measurement comprises an insulin sensitivity measurement other than a glucose tolerance test.
In some embodiments, the insulin measurement comprises an insulin response test. In some embodiments, the insulin response test comprises administering glucose to the subject, and then obtaining multiple insulin measurements over time after administering the glucose to the subject. In some embodiments, the glucose is administered orally. In some embodiments, the glucose is administered by injection. In some embodiments, the multiple insulin measurements are integrated into an insulin AUC measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin response test is performed on the subject in a fasted state such as after an overnight fast.
In some embodiments, the insulin measurement comprises a glucose response test. In some embodiments, the glucose response test comprises administering insulin to the subject, and then obtaining multiple glucose measurements over time after administering the insulin to the subject. In some embodiments, the insulin is administered by injection. In some embodiments, the multiple glucose measurements are integrated into a glucose AUC measurement. In some embodiments, the multiple glucose measurements are measured with a glucometer. In some embodiments, the glucose response test is performed on the subject in a fasted state such as after an overnight fast. In some embodiments, the glucose response test is performed on the subject after administering food, drink, or glucose to the subject.
In some embodiments, the composition increases the insulin sensitivity relative to the baseline insulin sensitivity measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline insulin sensitivity measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline insulin sensitivity measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, or about 100% or more relative to the baseline insulin sensitivity measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by about 200% or more, about 300% or more, about 400% or more, about 500% or more, about 600% or more, about 700% or more, about 800% or more, about 900% or more, or about 1000% or more, relative to the baseline insulin sensitivity measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline insulin sensitivity measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline insulin sensitivity measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100% relative to the baseline insulin sensitivity measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by no more than about 200%, no more than about 300%, no more than about 400%, no more than about 500%, no more than about 600%, no more than about 700%, no more than about 800%, no more than about 900%, or no more than about 1000%, relative to the baseline insulin sensitivity measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin sensitivity is increased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 200% 300%, 400%, 500%, 600%, 700%, 800%, 900%, 1000%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the insulin measurement relative to the baseline insulin measurement. In some embodiments, the composition reduces circulating insulin relative to the baseline insulin measurement. In some embodiments, the reduced insulin is measured in a second sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the composition reduces the insulin AUC measurement relative to the baseline insulin AUC measurement.
In some embodiments, the insulin measurement is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline insulin measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin measurement is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline insulin measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin measurement is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, or about 100%, relative to the baseline insulin measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline insulin measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline insulin measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100% relative to the baseline insulin measurement. In some embodiments, the insulin measurement is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 19%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is a systolic blood (SBP) pressure measurement. In some embodiments, the SBP measurement is measured in mm of mercury (mm Hg). In some embodiments, the SBP measurement is obtained with a sphygmomanometer. The SBP measurement may be indicative of hypertension. The SBP measurement may be indicative of normal blood pressure. The SBP measurement may include a cerebral SBP measurement.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the SBP measurement relative to the baseline SBP measurement. In some embodiments, the reduction is measured directly in the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the SBP measurement is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline SBP measurement. In some embodiments, the SBP measurement is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline SBP measurement. In some embodiments, the SBP measurement is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40)% or more, about 50% or more, about 60)% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, relative to the baseline SBP measurement. In some embodiments, the SBP measurement is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline SBP measurement. In some embodiments, the SBP measurement is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline SBP measurement. In some embodiments, the SBP measurement is decreased by no more than about 20)%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60)%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90% relative to the baseline SBP measurement. In some embodiments, the SBP measurement is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is a diastolic blood (DBP) pressure measurement. In some embodiments, the DBP measurement is measured in mm of mercury (mm Hg). In some embodiments, the DBP measurement is obtained with a sphygmomanometer. The DBP measurement may be indicative of hypertension. The DBP measurement may be indicative of normal blood pressure. The DBP measurement may include a cerebral DBP measurement.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the DBP measurement relative to the baseline DBP measurement. In some embodiments, the reduction is measured directly in the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the DBP measurement is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline DBP measurement. In some embodiments, the DBP measurement is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline DBP measurement. In some embodiments, the DBP measurement is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40)% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70)% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, relative to the baseline DBP measurement. In some embodiments, the DBP measurement is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline DBP measurement. In some embodiments, the DBP measurement is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline DBP measurement. In some embodiments, the DBP measurement is decreased by no more than about 20)%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40)%, no more than about 50)%, no more than about 60)%, no more than about 70)%, no more than about 80%, or no more than about 90% relative to the baseline DBP measurement. In some embodiments, the DBP measurement is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is a systolic heart function measurement. A heart systolic function measurement may include a measure of heart pumping capacity. An example of a systolic function measurement includes an ejection fraction measurement. A ejection fraction measurement may include a left ventricular ejection fraction measurement, a right ventricular ejection fraction measurement, a left atrial ejection fraction measurement, or a right atrial ejection fraction measurement. In some embodiments, the ejection fraction measurement includes a left ventricular ejection fraction measurement. A subject with heart failure, for example, may have a left ventricular ejection fraction below 60%, below 50%, below 40%, below 30%, below: 20%, or below 10%. In some embodiments, a left ventricular ejection fraction below 35% is indicative of systolic dysfunction. Another example of a systolic heart function measurement is a cardiac output measurement. The systolic heart function measurement may be measured using a medical imaging device such as an ultrasound (e.g., an echocardiography device) or magnetic resonance imaging device.
In some embodiments, the composition increases the systolic heart function measurement relative to the baseline systolic heart function measurement. In some embodiments, the increase is measured in a second sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the systolic heart function measurement is increased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline systolic heart function measurement. In some embodiments, the systolic heart function measurement is increased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline systolic heart function measurement. In some embodiments, the systolic heart function measurement is increased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, relative to the baseline systolic heart function measurement. In some embodiments, the systolic heart function measurement is increased by about 100% or more, increased by about 250% or more, increased by about 500% or more, increased by about 750% or more, or increased by about 1000% or more, relative to the baseline systolic heart function measurement. In some embodiments, the systolic heart function measurement is increased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline systolic heart function measurement. In some embodiments, the systolic heart function measurement is increased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline systolic heart function measurement. In some embodiments, the systolic heart function measurement is increased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100% relative to the baseline systolic heart function measurement. In some embodiments, the systolic heart function measurement is increased by no more than about 100%, increased by no more than about 250%, increased by no more than about 500%, increased by no more than about 750%, or increased by no more than about 1000%, relative to the baseline systolic heart function measurement. In some embodiments, the systolic heart function measurement is increased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 250%, 500%, 750%, or 1000%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is a liver enzyme measurement. In some embodiments, the liver enzyme measurement is an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) measurement. In some embodiments, the liver enzyme measurement is an aspartate aminotransferase (AST) measurement. In some embodiments, the liver enzyme measurement comprises an ALT/AST ratio, or comprises an AST/ALT ratio.
In some embodiments, the measurement is an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) measurement. In some embodiments, the ALT measurement is an ALT concentration (for example. Units/dL). In some embodiments, the ALT measurement is a blood ALT measurement, for example, a blood, serum, or plasma ALT level. In some embodiments, the ALT measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the ALT measurement relative to the baseline ALT measurement. In some embodiments, the reduced ALT is measured in a second blood sample, plasma sample, or serum sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the ALT measurement is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline ALT measurement. In some embodiments, the ALT measurement is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline ALT measurement. In some embodiments, the ALT measurement is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, relative to the baseline ALT measurement. In some embodiments, the ALT measurement is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline ALT measurement. In some embodiments, the ALT measurement is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline ALT measurement. In some embodiments, the ALT measurement is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100% relative to the baseline ALT measurement. In some embodiments, the ALT measurement is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is an aspartate aminotransferase (AST) measurement. In some embodiments, the AST measurement is an AST concentration (for example. Units/dL). In some embodiments, the AST measurement is a blood AST measurement, for example, a blood, serum, or plasma AST level. In some embodiments, the AST measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the AST measurement relative to the baseline AST measurement. In some embodiments, the reduced AST is measured in a second blood sample, plasma sample, or serum sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the AST measurement is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline AST measurement. In some embodiments, the AST measurement is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline AST measurement. In some embodiments, the AST measurement is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, relative to the baseline AST measurement. In some embodiments, the AST measurement is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline AST measurement. In some embodiments, the AST measurement is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline AST measurement. In some embodiments, the AST measurement is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100% relative to the baseline AST measurement. In some embodiments, the AST measurement is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is a alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measurement. In some embodiments, the ALP measurement is a ALP concentration. In some embodiments, the ALP measurement is a blood ALP measurement. In some embodiments, the ALP measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, a chromatography assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the ALP measurement relative to the baseline ALP measurement. In some embodiments, the reduced ALP is measured in a second blood sample, plasma sample, or serum sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the ALP measurement is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline ALP measurement. In some embodiments, the ALP measurement is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline ALP measurement. In some embodiments, the ALP measurement is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60)% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, relative to the baseline ALP measurement. In some embodiments, the ALP measurement is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline ALP measurement. In some embodiments, the ALP measurement is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline ALP measurement. In some embodiments, the ALP measurement is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100% relative to the baseline ALP measurement. In some embodiments, the ALP measurement is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is a gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) measurement. In some embodiments, the GGT measurement is a GGT concentration. In some embodiments, the GGT measurement is a blood GGT measurement. In some embodiments, the GGT measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, a chromatography assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the GGT measurement relative to the baseline GGT measurement. In some embodiments, the reduced GGT is measured in a second blood sample, plasma sample, or serum sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the GGT measurement is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline GGT measurement. In some embodiments, the GGT measurement is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline GGT measurement. In some embodiments, the GGT measurement is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, relative to the baseline GGT measurement. In some embodiments, the GGT measurement is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline GGT measurement. In some embodiments, the GGT measurement is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline GGT measurement. In some embodiments, the GGT measurement is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100% relative to the baseline GGT measurement. In some embodiments, the GGT measurement is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is a liver fibrosis measurement. In some embodiments, the liver fibrosis measurement is a liver fibrosis score (LFS). In some embodiments, the LFS comprises a score of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, or a range of scores defined by any two of the aforementioned numbers. In some embodiments, the LFS comprises a score of 0-4. In some embodiments, the LFS is obtained using a scoring system. In some embodiments, the LFS measurement is obtained noninvasively. In some embodiments, the LFS measurement is obtained by a medical imaging device such as a vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) device, a shear wave elastography device, a medical resonance imaging (MRI) device, a magnetic resonance spectroscopy device, a computed tomography device, or an ultrasound device. In some embodiments, the LFS measurement is obtained in a second liver sample. In some embodiments, the LFS is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay. In some embodiments, the LFS is obtained using one or more indirect markers or measures of liver fibrosis such as an aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), a Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, a FibroIndex, a Forns Index, a Hepascore, or a FibroTest. In some embodiments, the LFS is obtained using one or more indirect markers or measures of liver fibrosis such as a FIBROSpect test or a FIBROSpect II test. In some embodiments, the LFS is obtained by RT-qPCR or RNA sequencing of one or more fibrosis-related genes such as a collagen gene. In some embodiments, the LFS or the LFS is obtained using a scoring system upon a visual inspection of a sample such as a histological sample. In some embodiments, the LFS or the LFS is obtained using a stain with an affinity to collagen.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the LFS relative to the baseline LFS. In some embodiments, the reduced LFS is measured in a second liver sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the reduced LFS is measured directly in the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the LFS is decreased by 1 relative to the baseline LFS. In some embodiments, the LFS is decreased by 2 relative to the baseline LFS. In some embodiments, the LFS is decreased by 3 relative to the baseline LFS. In some embodiments, the LFS is decreased by 4 relative to the baseline LFS. In some embodiments, the LFS is decreased by 1 or more, relative to the baseline LFS. In some embodiments, the LFS is decreased by 2 or more, relative to the baseline LFS. In some embodiments, the LFS is decreased by 3 more, relative to the baseline LFS. In some embodiments, the LFS is decreased by no more than 1, relative to the baseline LFS. In some embodiments, the LFS is decreased by no more than 2, relative to the baseline LFS. In some embodiments, the LFS is decreased by no more than 3, relative to the baseline LFS. In some embodiments, the LFS is decreased by no more than 4, relative to the baseline LFS. In some embodiments, the LFS is decreased by 1, 2, 3, or 4, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned numbers.
In some embodiments, the liver fibrosis measurement is a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score. A NAFLD fibrosis score may take into account laboratory test values such as platelet count, albumin, and AST/ALT ratio, and patient characteristics such as BMI, and diabetes status. A NAFLD fibrosis score below −1.455 may be indicative of no fibrosis, mild fibrosis, or moderate fibrosis. A NAFLD fibrosis score between-1.455 and 0.675 may be indicative of severe fibrosis. A NAFLD fibrosis score above 0.675 may be indicative of cirrhosis.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the NAFLD fibrosis score relative to the baseline NAFLD fibrosis score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD fibrosis score is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline NAFLD fibrosis score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD fibrosis score is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline NAFLD fibrosis score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD fibrosis score is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, relative to the baseline NAFLD fibrosis score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD fibrosis score is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline NAFLD fibrosis score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD fibrosis score is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline NAFLD fibrosis score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD fibrosis score is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100% relative to the baseline NAFLD fibrosis score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD fibrosis score is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score comprises a numerical value such as a number of points. In some embodiments, the numerical value is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, or a range defined by any two of the aforementioned numerical values. In some embodiments, the numerical value is 0-8. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score comprises a steatosis grade such as a liver fat percentage. In some embodiments, a steatosis grade <5% comprises 0 points in the NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, a steatosis grade of 5-33% comprises 1 point in the NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, a steatosis grade of 34-66% comprises 2 points in the NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, a steatosis grade of >66% comprises 3 points in the NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score comprises a lobular inflammation grade. In some embodiments, the lobular inflammation grade comprises an assessment of inflammatory foci. In some embodiments, a lobular inflammation grade comprising 0 foci comprises 0 points in the NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, a lobular inflammation grade comprising 1 focus per a field (such as a 20× field or a 200× field) comprises 1 point in the NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, a lobular inflammation grade comprising 2-4 foci per field comprises 2 points in the NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, a lobular inflammation grade comprising >4 foci per field comprises 3 points in the NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score comprises a liver cell injury grade such as an amount of ballooning cells. In some embodiments, a liver cell injury comprising no ballooning cells comprises 0 points in the NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, a liver cell injury comprising some new balloon cells comprises 1 point in the NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, a liver cell injury comprising many ballooning cells or prominent ballooning comprises 2 points in the NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is obtained invasively, based on histology, and/or in a liver biopsy.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the NAFLD activity score relative to the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the reduced NAFLD activity score is measured in a second liver sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by 1 relative to the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by 2 relative to the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by 3 relative to the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by 4 relative to the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by 5 relative to the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by 6 relative to the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by 7 relative to the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by 8 relative to the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by 1 or more, relative to the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, or 8 or more, relative to the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by no more than 1, no more than 2, no more than 3, no more than 4, no more than 5, no more than 6, no more than 7, or no more than 8, relative to the baseline NAFLD activity score. In some embodiments, the NAFLD activity score is decreased by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned numbers.
In some embodiments, the measurement is a liver steatosis measurement. In some embodiments, the liver steatosis measurement is a liver fat percentage (LFP) measurement. In some embodiments, the measurement is a LFP measurement. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement is indicated as a mass/mass percentage of fat/total tissue. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement is indicated as a mass/volume percentage of fat/total tissue. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement is indicated as a volume/mass percentage of fat/total tissue. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement is indicated as a volume/volume percentage of fat/total tissue. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement is indicated as a score. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement is obtained noninvasively. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement is obtained by a medical imaging device. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement is obtained by a device such as a medical resonance imaging (MRI) device, a magnetic resonance spectroscopy device, a computed tomography device, a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), a transient elastography device, or an ultrasound device. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement is obtained in a second liver sample. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement comprises a liver triglyceride measurement. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement or the LFP measurement is obtained using a scoring system upon a visual inspection of a sample such as a histological sample. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement or the LFP measurement is obtained using a stain with an affinity to fats, such as a lysochrome diazo dye.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the LFP measurement relative to the baseline LFP measurement. In some embodiments, the reduced LFP is measured in a second liver sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the reduced LFP is measured directly in the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline LFP measurement. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline LFP measurement. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, relative to the baseline LFP measurement. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline LFP measurement. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline LFP measurement. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100% relative to the baseline LFP measurement. In some embodiments, the LFP measurement is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is an PLIN1 protein measurement. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein measurement comprises an PLIN1 protein level. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein level is indicated as a mass or percentage of PLIN1 protein per sample weight. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein level is indicated as a mass or percentage of PLIN1 protein per sample volume. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein level is indicated as a mass or percentage of PLIN1 protein per total protein within the sample. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein measurement is a circulating PLIN1 protein measurement. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein measurement is obtained by an assay such as an immunoassay, a colorimetric assay, or a fluorescence assay.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the PLIN1 protein measurement relative to the baseline PLIN1 protein measurement. In some embodiments, the composition reduces circulating PLIN1 protein levels relative to the baseline PLIN1 protein measurement. In some embodiments, the composition reduces tissue PLIN1 protein levels relative to the baseline PLIN1 protein measurement. In some embodiments, the reduced PLIN1 protein levels are measured in a second sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein measurement is decreased by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline PLIN1 protein measurement. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein measurement is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline PLIN1 protein measurement. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein measurement is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40)% or more, about 50)% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, or about 100%, relative to the baseline PLIN1 protein measurement. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein measurement is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline PLIN1 protein measurement. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein measurement is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline PLIN1 protein measurement. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein measurement is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40)%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100% relative to the baseline PLIN1 protein measurement. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 protein measurement is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 19%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100%, or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
In some embodiments, the measurement is an PLIN1 mRNA measurement. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA measurement comprises an PLIN1 mRNA level. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA level is indicated as an amount or percentage of PLIN1 mRNA per sample weight. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA level is indicated as an amount or percentage of PLIN1 mRNA per sample volume. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA level is indicated as an amount or percentage of PLIN1 mRNA per total mRNA within the sample. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA level is indicated as an amount or percentage of PLIN1 mRNA per total nucleic acids within the sample. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA level is indicated relative to another mRNA level, such as an mRNA level of a housekeeping gene, within the sample. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA measurement is obtained by an assay such as a PCR assay. In some embodiments, the PCR comprises qPCR. In some embodiments, the PCR comprises reverse transcription of the PLIN1 mRNA.
In some embodiments, the composition reduces the PLIN1 mRNA measurement relative to the baseline PLIN1 mRNA measurement. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA measurement is obtained in a second sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the composition reduces PLIN1 mRNA levels relative to the baseline PLIN1 mRNA levels. In some embodiments, the reduced PLIN1 mRNA levels are measured in a second sample obtained from the subject after administering the composition to the subject. In some embodiments, the second sample is a liver sample. In some embodiments, the second sample is an adipose sample. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA measurement is reduced by about 2.5% or more, about 5% or more, or about 7.5% or more, relative to the baseline PLIN1 mRNA measurement. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA measurement is decreased by about 10% or more, relative to the baseline PLIN1 mRNA measurement. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA measurement is decreased by about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, or about 100%, relative to the baseline PLIN1 mRNA measurement. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA measurement is decreased by no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 5%, or no more than about 7.5%, relative to the baseline PLIN1 mRNA measurement. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA measurement is decreased by no more than about 10%, relative to the baseline PLIN1 mRNA measurement. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA measurement is decreased by no more than about 20%, no more than about 30%, no more than about 40%, no more than about 50%, no more than about 60%, no more than about 70%, no more than about 80%, no more than about 90%, or no more than about 100%, relative to the baseline PLIN1 mRNA measurement. In some embodiments, the PLIN1 mRNA measurement is decreased by 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100% or by a range defined by any of the two aforementioned percentages.
III. Definitions
Unless defined otherwise, all terms of art, notations and other technical and scientific terms or terminology used herein are intended to have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed subject matter pertains. In some cases, terms with commonly understood meanings are defined herein for clarity and/or for ready reference, and the inclusion of such definitions herein should not necessarily be construed to represent a substantial difference over what is generally understood in the art.
Throughout this application, various embodiments may be presented in a range format. It should be understood that the description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.
As used in the specification and claims, the singular forms “a”. “an” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the term “a sample” includes a plurality of samples, including mixtures thereof.
The terms “determining.” “measuring.” “evaluating.” “assessing.” “assaying.” and “analyzing” are often used interchangeably herein to refer to forms of measurement. The terms include determining if an element is present or not (for example, detection). These terms can include quantitative, qualitative or quantitative and qualitative determinations. Assessing can be relative or absolute. “Detecting the presence of” can include determining the amount of something present in addition to determining whether it is present or absent depending on the context.
The terms “subject,” and “patient” may be used interchangeably herein. A “subject” can be a biological entity containing expressed genetic materials. The biological entity can be a plant, animal, or microorganism, including, for example, bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The subject can be a mammal. The mammal can be a human. The subject may be diagnosed or suspected of being at high risk for a disease. In some cases, the subject is not necessarily diagnosed or suspected of being at high risk for the disease.
As used herein, the term “about” a number refers to that number plus or minus 10% of that number. The term “about” a range refers to that range minus 10% of its lowest value and plus 10% of its greatest value.
As used herein, the terms “treatment” or “treating” are used in reference to a pharmaceutical or other intervention regimen for obtaining beneficial or desired results in the recipient. Beneficial or desired results include but are not limited to a therapeutic benefit and/or a prophylactic benefit. A therapeutic benefit may refer to eradication or amelioration of symptoms or of an underlying disorder being treated. Also, a therapeutic benefit can be achieved with the eradication or amelioration of one or more of the physiological symptoms associated with the underlying disorder such that an improvement is observed in the subject, notwithstanding that the subject may still be afflicted with the underlying disorder. A prophylactic effect includes delaying, preventing, or eliminating the appearance of a disease or condition, delaying or eliminating the onset of symptoms of a disease or condition, slowing, halting, or reversing the progression of a disease or condition, or any combination thereof. For prophylactic benefit, a subject at risk of developing a particular disease, or to a subject reporting one or more of the physiological symptoms of a disease may undergo treatment, even though a diagnosis of this disease may not have been made.
“Treatment” or “treating” may include an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired results with respect to a disease, disorder, or medical condition including but not limited to a therapeutic benefit and/or a prophylactic benefit. A therapeutic benefit can include, for example, the eradication or amelioration of the underlying disorder being treated. Also, a therapeutic benefit can include, for example, the eradication or amelioration of one or more of the physiological symptoms associated with the underlying disorder such that an improvement is observed in the subject, notwithstanding that the subject may still be afflicted with the underlying disorder. In certain embodiments, for prophylactic benefit, the compositions are administered to a subject at risk of developing a particular disease, or to a subject reporting one or more of the physiological symptoms of a disease, even though a diagnosis of this disease may not have been made. Treatment via administration of a compound described herein does not require the involvement of a medical professional.
The term “Cx-y” or “Cx-Cy” when used in conjunction with a chemical moiety, such as alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl is meant to include groups that contain from x to y carbons in the chain. For example, the term “C1-6alkyl” refers to substituted or unsubstituted saturated hydrocarbon groups, including straight-chain alkyl and branched-chain alkyl groups that contain from 1 to 6 carbons.
The terms “Cx-y alkenyl” and “Cx-y alkynyl” refer to substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated aliphatic groups analogous in length and possible substitution to the alkyls described above, but that contain at least one double or triple bond, respectively.
The term “carbocycle” as used herein refers to a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic ring in which each atom of the ring is carbon. Carbocycle includes 3- to 10-membered monocyclic rings, 5- to 12-membered bicyclic rings, 5- to 12-membered spiro bicycles, and 5- to 12-membered bridged rings. Each ring of a bicyclic carbocycle may be selected from saturated, unsaturated, and aromatic rings. In an exemplary embodiment, an aromatic ring, e.g., phenyl, may be fused to a saturated or unsaturated ring, e.g., cyclohexane, cyclopentane, or cyclohexene. A bicyclic carbocycle includes any combination of saturated, unsaturated and aromatic bicyclic rings, as valence permits. A bicyclic carbocycle further includes spiro bicyclic rings such as spiropentane. A bicyclic carbocycle includes any combination of ring sizes such as 3-3 spiro ring systems, 4-4 spiro ring systems, 4-5 fused ring systems, 5-5 fused ring systems, 5-6 fused ring systems, 6-6 fused ring systems, 5-7 fused ring systems, 6-7 fused ring systems, 5-8 fused ring systems, and 6-8 fused ring systems. Exemplary carbocycles include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, adamantyl, phenyl, indanyl, naphthyl, and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl.
The term “aryl” refers to an aromatic monocyclic or aromatic multicyclic hydrocarbon ring system. The aromatic monocyclic or aromatic multicyclic hydrocarbon ring system contains only hydrogen and carbon and from five to eighteen carbon atoms, where at least one of the rings in the ring system is aromatic, i.e., it contains a cyclic, delocalized (4n+2) π-electron system in accordance with the Hückel theory. The ring system from which aryl groups are derived include, but are not limited to, groups such as benzene, fluorene, indane, indene, tetralin and naphthalene.
The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a saturated ring in which each atom of the ring is carbon. Cycloalkyl may include monocyclic and polycyclic rings such as 3- to 10-membered monocyclic rings, 5- to 12-membered bicyclic rings, 5- to 12-membered spiro bicycles, and 5- to 12-membered bridged rings. In certain embodiments, a cycloalkyl comprises three to ten carbon atoms. In other embodiments, a cycloalkyl comprises five to seven carbon atoms. The cycloalkyl may be attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of monocyclic cycloalkyls include, e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Polycyclic cycloalkyl radicals include, for example, adamantyl, spiropentane, norbomyl (i.e., bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl), decalinyl, 7,7 dimethyl bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl, and the like.
The term “cycloalkenyl” refers to a saturated ring in which each atom of the ring is carbon and there is at least one double bond between two ring carbons. Cycloalkenyl may include monocyclic and polycyclic rings such as 3- to 10-membered monocyclic rings, 6- to 12-membered bicyclic rings, and 5- to 12-membered bridged rings. In other embodiments, a cycloalkenyl comprises five to seven carbon atoms. The cycloalkenyl may be attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of monocyclic cycloalkenyls include, e.g., cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and cyclooctenyl.
The term “halo” or, alternatively, “halogen” or “halide,” means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo. In some embodiments, halo is fluoro, chloro, or bromo.
The term “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more halo radicals, for example, trifluoromethyl, dichloromethyl, bromomethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1-chloromethyl-2-fluoroethyl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkyl part of the haloalkyl radical is optionally further substituted as described herein.
The term “heterocycle” as used herein refers to a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic ring comprising one or more heteroatoms. Exemplary heteroatoms include N, O, Si, P, B, and S atoms. Heterocycles include 3- to 10-membered monocyclic rings, 6- to 12-membered bicyclic rings, 5- to 12-membered spiro bicycles, and 5- to 12-membered bridged rings. A bicyclic heterocycle includes any combination of saturated, unsaturated and aromatic bicyclic rings, as valence permits. In an exemplary embodiment, an aromatic ring, e.g., pyridyl, may be fused to a saturated or unsaturated ring, e.g., cyclohexane, cyclopentane, morpholine, piperidine or cyclohexene. A bicyclic heterocycle includes any combination of ring sizes such as 4-5 fused ring systems, 5-5 fused ring systems, 5-6 fused ring systems, 6-6 fused ring systems, 5-7 fused ring systems, 6-7 fused ring systems, 5-8 fused ring systems, and 6-8 fused ring systems. A bicyclic heterocycle further includes spiro bicyclic rings, e.g., 5 to 12-membered spiro bicycles, such as 2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptane.
The term “heteroaryl” refers to a radical derived from a 5 to 18 membered aromatic ring radical that comprises two to seventeen carbon atoms and from one to six heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. As used herein, the heteroaryl radical is a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system, wherein at least one of the rings in the ring system is aromatic, i.e., it contains a cyclic, delocalized (4n+2) π-electron system in accordance with the Hückel theory. Heteroaryl includes fused or bridged ring systems. The heteroatom(s) in the heteroaryl radical is optionally oxidized. One or more nitrogen atoms, if present, are optionally quaternized. The heteroaryl is attached to the rest of the molecule through any atom of the ring(s). Examples of heteroaryls include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzindolyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzo[d]thiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzo[b][1,4]dioxepinyl, benzo[b][1,4]oxavinyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzodioxinyl, benzopyranyl, benzopyranonyl, benzofuranyl, benzofuranonyl, benzothienyl (benzothiophenyl), benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl, benzotriazolyl, benzo[4,6]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl, carbazolyl, cinnolinyl, cyclopenta[d]pyrimidinyl, 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl, 5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolinyl. 5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolinyl, 6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyridazinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, furanyl, furanonyl, furo[3,2-c]pyridinyl, 5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrocycloocta[d]pyrimidinyl, 5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrocycloocta[d]pyridavinyl, 5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrocycloocta[d]pyridinyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolyl, indolizinyl, isoxazolyl, 5,8-methano-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolinyl, naphthyridinyl, 1,6-naphthyridinonyl, oxadiazolyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, oxazolyl, oxiranyl, 5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-octahydrobenzo[h]quinazolinyl, 1-phenyl-1H-pyrrolyl, phenazinyl phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl, pyridinyl, pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl, pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridavinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolinyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[4,5-c]pyridavinyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl, thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl, thieno[2,3-c]pyridinyl, and thiophenyl (i.e., thienyl).
The term “heterocycloalkyl” refers to a saturated ring with carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom. Exemplary heteroatoms include N, O, Si, P, B, and S atoms. Heterocycloalkyl may include monocyclic and polycyclic rings such as 3- to 10-membered monocyclic rings, 6- to 12-membered bicyclic rings, 5- to 12-membered spiro bicycles, and 5- to 12-membered bridged rings. The heteroatoms in the heterocycloalkyl radical are optionally oxidized. One or more nitrogen atoms, if present, are optionally quaternized. The heterocycloalkyl is attached to the rest of the molecule through any atom of the heterocycloalkyl, valence permitting, such as any carbon or nitrogen atoms of the heterocycloalkyl. Examples of heterocycloalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, dioxolanyl, thienyl[1,3]dithianyl, decahydroisoquinolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, trithianyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, 1-oxo-thiomorpholinyl, 2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptane, and 1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl.
The term “heterocycloalkenyl” refers to an unsaturated ring with carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom and there is at least one double bond between two ring carbons. Heterocycloalkenyl does not include heteroaryl rings. Exemplary heteroatoms include N, O, Si, P, B, and S atoms. Heterocycloalkenyl may include monocyclic and polycyclic rings such as 3- to 10-membered monocyclic rings, 6- to 12-membered bicyclic rings, and 5- to 12-membered bridged rings. In other embodiments, a heterocycloalkenyl comprises five to seven ring atoms. The heterocycloalkenyl may be attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of monocyclic cycloalkenyls include, e.g., pyrroline (dihydropyrrole), pyrazoline (dihydropyrazole), imidazoline (dihydroimidazole), triazoline (dihydrothiazole), dihydrofuran, dihydrothiophene, oxazoline (dihydrooxazole), isoxazoline (dihydroisoxazole), thiazoline (dihydrothiazole), isothiazoline (dihydroisothiazole), oxadiazoline (dihydroxadiazole), thiadiazoline (dihydrothiadiazole), dihydropyridine, tetrahydropyridine, dihydropyridazine, tetrahydropyridazine, dihydropyrimidine, tetrahydropyrimidine, dihydropyrazine, tetrahydropyrazine, pyran, dihydropyran, thiopyran, dihydrothiopyran, dioxine, dihydrodioxine, oxazine, dihydrooxazine, thiazine, and dihydrothiazine.
The term “substituted” refers to moieties having substituents replacing a hydrogen on one or more carbons or substitutable heteroatoms, e.g., an NH or NH2 of a compound. It will be understood that “substitution” or “substituted with” includes the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and the substituent, and that the substitution results in a stable compound, i.e., a compound which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc. In certain embodiments, substituted refers to moieties having substituents replacing two hydrogen atoms on the same carbon atom, such as substituting the two hydrogen atoms on a single carbon with an oxo, imino or thioxo group. As used herein, the term “substituted” is contemplated to include all permissible substituents of organic compounds. In a broad aspect, the permissible substituents include acyclic and cyclic, branched and unbranched, carbocyclic and heterocyclic, aromatic and non-aromatic substituents of organic compounds. The permissible substituents can be one or more and the same or different for appropriate organic compounds.
In some embodiments, substituents may include any substituents described herein, for example: halogen, hydroxy, oxo (═O), thioxo (═S), cyano (—CN), nitro (—NO2), imino (═N—H), oximo (═N—OH), hydrazino (═N—NH2), —Rb—ORa, —Rb—OC(O)—Ra, —Rb—OC(O)—ORa, —Rb—OC(O)—N(Ra)2, —Rb—N(Ra)2, —Rb—C(O)Ra, —Rb—C(O)ORa, —Rb—C(O)N(Ra), —Rb—O—Rc—C(O)N(Ra)2, —Rb—N(Ra)C(O)ORa, —Rb—N(Ra)C(O)Ra, —Rb—N(Ra)S(O)tRa (where t is 1 or 2), —Rb—S(O)tRa (where t is 1 or 2), —Rb—S(O)tORa (where t is 1 or 2), and —Rb—S(O),N(Ra) (where t is 1 or 2); and alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted by alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, oxo (═O), thioxo (═S), cyano (—CN), nitro (—NO2), imino (═N—H), oximo (═N—OH), hydrazine (═N—NH2), —Rb—ORa, —Rb—OC(O)—Ra, —Rb—OC(O)—ORa, —Rb—OC(O)—N(Ra)2, —Rb—N(Ra)2, —Rb—C(O)Ra, —Rb—C(O)ORa, —Rb—C(O)N(Ra), —Rb—O—Rc—C(O)N(Ra)2, —Rb—N(Ra)C(O)ORa, —Rb—N(Ra)C(O)Ra, —Rb—N(Ra)S(O)tRa (where t is 1 or 2), —Rb—S(O)tRa (where t is 1 or 2), —Rb—S(O)tORa (where t is 1 or 2) and —Rb—S(O),N(Ra)2 (where t is 1 or 2); wherein each Ra is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, or heteroarylalkyl, wherein each Ra valence permitting, may be optionally substituted with alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, oxo (═O), thioxo (═S), cyano (—CN), nitro (—NO2), imino (═N—H), oximo (═N—OH), hydrazine (═N—NH2), —Rb—ORa, —Rb—OC(O)—Ra, —Rb—OC(O)—ORa, —Rb—OC(O)—N(Ra)2, —Rb—N(Ra), —Rb—C(O)Ra, —Rb—C(O)ORa, —Rb—C(O)N(Ra)2, —Rb—O—Rc—C(O)N(Ra)2, —Rb—N(Ra)C(O)ORa, —Rb—N(Ra)C(O)Ra, —Rb—N(Ra)S(O)tRa (where t is 1 or 2), —Rb—S(O)Ra (where t is 1 or 2), —Rb—S(O)tORa (where t is 1 or 2) and —Rb—S(O)tN(Ra) (where t is 1 or 2); and wherein each Rb is independently selected from a direct bond or a straight or branched alkylene, alkenylene, or alkynylene chain, and each Rc is a straight or branched alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene chain.
Double bonds to oxygen atoms, such as oxo groups, are represented herein as both “═O” and “(O)”. Double bonds to nitrogen atoms are represented as both “═NR” and “(NR)”. Double bonds to sulfur atoms are represented as both “═S” and “(S)”.
The phrases “parenteral administration” and “administered parenterally” as used herein means modes of administration other than enteral and topical administration, usually by injection, and includes, without limitation, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-arterial, intrathecal, intracapsular, intraorbital, intracardiac, intradermal, intraperitoneal, transtracheal, subcutaneous, subcuticular, intraarticular, subcapsular, subarachnoid, intraspinal and intrasternal injection and infusion.
The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” or “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” as used herein means a pharmaceutically acceptable material, composition or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, solvent or encapsulating material. Each carrier must be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not injurious to the patient. Some examples of materials which can serve as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include: (1) sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; (2) starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; (3) cellulose, and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; (4) powdered tragacanth; (5) malt; (6) gelatin; (7) talc; (8) excipients, such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; (9) oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soy bean oil; (10) glycols, such as propylene glycol; (11) polyols, such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol; (12) esters, such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; (13) agar; (14) buffering agents, such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; (15) alginic acid; (16) pyrogen-free water; (17) isotonic saline; (18) Ringer's solution; (19) ethyl alcohol; (20) phosphate buffer solutions; and (21) other non-toxic compatible substances employed in pharmaceutical formulations.
The term “salt” or “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to salts derived from a variety of organic and inorganic counter ions well known in the art. Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can be formed with inorganic acids and organic acids. Inorganic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like. Organic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, and the like. Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts can be formed with inorganic and organic bases. Inorganic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum, and the like. Organic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, basic ion exchange resins, and the like, specifically such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, and ethanolamine. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt is chosen from ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium salts.
Some embodiments refer to nucleic acid sequence information. It is contemplated that in some embodiments, thymine (T) may be interchanged with uracil (U), or vice versa. For example, some sequences in the sequence listing may recite Ts, but these may be replaced with Us in some embodiments. In some oligonucleotides with nucleic acid sequences that include uracil, the uracil may be replaced with thymine. Similarly, in some oligonucleotides with nucleic acid sequences that include thymine, the thymine may be replaced with uracil. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide such as an siRNA comprises or consists of RNA. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide may include DNA. For example, the oligonucleotide may include 2′ deoxyribonucleotides. An ASO may comprise or consist of DNA.
The section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the subject matter described.
VI. EXAMPLES Example 1: Loss-of-Function Variants in PLIN1 Demonstrate Protective Associations for Lipid Traits and Cardiometabolic Disease
Variants in PLIN1 were evaluated for associations with blood lipids, cardiometabolic disease and related traits in approximately 452.000 individuals with genotype data from the UK Biobank cohort. Variants evaluated included (1) rs139271800, a rare (AAF=0.001) missense variant (Lue90)Pro; L90P), (2) rs750619494, a rare (AAF=0.0003) frameshift variant (Thr338 AspfsTer51; T338 DfsTer51), (3) rs150822845, a rare (AAF=0.0001) stop-gained variant (Arg93Ter; R93Ter) and (4) rs201579932, a rare (AAF=0.0003) splice acceptor variant. The four variants were considered to be hypomorphic or loss of function variants that may result in a decrease in the abundance or activity of the PLIN1 gene product. Stepwise conditional analyses in multiple traits, as well as direct evaluation of linkage disequilibrium, confirmed that they are independent variants. A PLIN1 loss of function gene burden test was also evaluated which aggregated carriers of rare annotated PLIN1 loss of function variants to increase statistical power.
The analyses resulted in identification of associations for the individual PLIN1 variants and for the PLIN1 burden test. For example, there were protective associations with multiple cardiometabolic traits. PLIN1 variants were individually or collectively associated with decreased triglycerides, increased HDL, decreased LDL and decreased APOB (Table 3A and 3B).
The PLIN1 loss of function gene burden was additionally associated with decreased risk of myocardial infarction, angina, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease and hypertension (Table 3C and 3D).
The PLIN1 loss of function gene burden was additionally associated with decreased blood Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and decreased risk of type 2 diabetes (Table 3E).
These results indicate that loss-of-function of PLIN1 resulted in decreased triglycerides, increased HDL, decreased LDL, decreased APOB and decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and hypertensive diseases, liver diseases and diabetes. These results further indicate that therapeutic inhibition of PLIN1 may result in similar disease-protective effects.
Example 2: Protective Variants in PLIN1 Result in Less or Truncated PLIN1 Protein
Protein-coding sequence (CDS) expression constructs encoding for wild type. R93Ter and T338D(fsTer51) proteins were generated. The CDS of the protein coding transcript (ENST00000300055) of PLIN1 was cloned into a pcDNA3.1(+) vector driven by a CMV promoter. Empty vector was used as control. For R93Ter (rs150822845) expression constructs, the A allele replaced the G allele at DNA sequence position chr 15:89671538 (human genome build 38). This created an R93Ter premature stop codon. For T338D(fsTer51) (rs750619494) expression constructs, the C allele replaced the CTTCTGCAGGGT allele at DNA position chr15:89667122 (human genome build 38). This created an T338D frameshift resulting in a premature stop codon.
Transfections of COS-7 cells were optimized. COS-7 cells were plated in a T75 flask in complete growth media and grown for 48 hours followed by a media change. Cells were then transfected with 15 μg of plasmid DNA and 19 μl of TransIT-2020. Cells were incubated for 48 hours, and then harvested.
Cell lysates from transfected cells were assayed to evaluate intracellular PLIN1 protein by western blot (
These data provide experimental verification that PLIN1 gene variants associated with decreased triglycerides, increased HDL, decreased LDL, decreased APOB and decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and hypertensive diseases, liver diseases and diabetes, resulted in loss of PLIN1 protein abundance or function. Accordingly, in some cases therapeutic inhibition or modulation of PLIN1 may be an effective genetically-informed method of treatment for these measures and diseases.
Example 3: Bioinformatic Selection of Sequences in Order to Identify Therapeutic siRNAs to Downmodulate Expression of the PLIN1 mRNA
Screening sets were defined based on bioinformatic analysis. Therapeutic siRNAs were designed to target human PLIN1, and the PLIN1 sequence of at least one toxicology-relevant species, in this case, the non-human primates (NHP) rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. Drivers for the design of the screening set were predicted specificity of the siRNAs against the transcriptome of the relevant species as well as cross-reactivity between species. Predicted specificity in human, rhesus monkey, cynomolgus monkey, mouse and rat was determined for sense (S) and antisense (AS) strands. These were assigned a “specificity score” which considers the likelihood of unintended downregulation of any other transcript by full or partial complementarity of an siRNA strand (up to 4 mismatches within positions 2-18) as well as the number and positions of mismatches. Thus, off-target(s) for antisense and sense strands of each siRNA were identified. In addition, the number of potential off-targets was used as an additional specificity factor in the specificity score. As identified, siRNAs with high specificity and a low number of predicted off-targets provide a benefit of increased targeting specificity.
In addition to selecting siRNA sequences with high sequence specificity to PLIN1 mRNA, siRNA sequences within the seed region were analyzed for similarity to seed regions of known miRNAs, siRNAs can function in a miRNA like manner via base-pairing with complementary sequences within the 3′-UTR of mRNA molecules. The complementarity typically encompasses the 5′-bases at positions 2-7 of the miRNA (seed region). To circumvent siRNAs to act via functional miRNA binding sites, siRNA strands containing natural miRNA seed regions were avoided. Seed regions identified in miRNAs from human, mouse, rat, rhesus monkey, dog, rabbit and pig are referred to as “conserved”. Combining the “specificity score” with miRNA seed analysis yielded a “specificity category”. This is divided into categories 1-4, with 1 having the highest specificity and 4 having the lowest specificity. Each strand of the siRNA is assigned to a specificity category.
Specificity and species cross-reactivity was assessed for human, cynomolgus monkey, rhesus monkey, mouse and rat PLIN1. The analysis was based on a canonical siRNA design using 19 bases and 17 bases (without considering positions 1 and 19) for cross-reactivity. Full match as well as single mismatch analyses were included.
Analysis of the human Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) database (NCBI-DB-SNP) to identify siRNAs targeting regions with known SNPs was also carried out to identify siRNAs that may be non-functional in individuals containing the SNP. Information regarding the positions of SNPs within the target sequence as well as minor allele frequency (MAF) in case data was obtained in this analysis.
Initial analysis of the relevant PLIN1 mRNA sequence revealed few sequences that fulfil the specificity parameters and at the same time target PLIN1 mRNA in all of the analyzed relevant species. Therefore, it was decided to design independent screening subsets for the therapeutic siRNAs.
The siRNAs in these subsets recognize the human, cynomolgus monkey, rhesus monkey PLIN1 sequences. Therefore, the siRNAs in these subsets can be used to target human PLIN1 in a therapeutic setting.
The number of siRNA sequences that can be derived from human PLIN1 mRNA (ENST00000300055.10, SEQ ID NO: 6014) without consideration of specificity or species cross-reactivity was 2898 (sense and antisense strand sequences included in SEQ ID NOS: 1-5796).
Prioritizing sequences for target specificity, species cross-reactivity, miRNA seed region sequences and SNPs as described above yields subset A. Subset A contains 145 siRNAs whose base sequences are shown in Table 4.
The siRNAs in subset A have the following characteristics:
-
- Cross-reactivity: With 19mer in human PLIN1 mRNA, with 17mer/19mer in NHP PLIN1
- Specificity category: For human and NHP: AS2 or better, SS3 or better
- miRNA seeds: AS+SS strand: seed region not conserved in human, mouse, and rat and not present in >4 species
- Off-target frequency: ≤20 human off-targets matched with 2 mismatches in antisense strand
- SNPs: siRNA target sites do not harbor SNPs with a MAF≥1% (pos, 2-18)
The siRNA sequences in subset A were selected for more stringent specificity to yield subset B. Subset B includes 119 siRNAs whose base sequences are shown in Table 5.
The siRNAs in subset B have the following characteristics:
-
- Cross-reactivity: With 19mer in human PLIN1 mRNA, with 17mer/19mer in NHP PLIN1
- Specificity category: For human and NHP: AS2 or better, SS3 or better
- miRNA seeds: AS+SS strand: seed region not conserved in human, mouse, and rat and not present in >4 species
- Off-target frequency: ≤15 human off-targets matched with 2 mismatches in antisense strand
- SNPs: siRNA target sites do not harbor SNPs with a MAF≥1% (pos, 2-18)
The siRNA sequences in subset B were further selected for absence of seed regions in the AS strand that are identical to a seed region of known human miRNA to yield subset C. Subset C includes 77 siRNAs whose base sequences are shown in Table 6.
The siRNAs in subset C have the following characteristics:
-
- Cross-reactivity: With 19mer in human PLIN1 mRNA, with 17mer/19mer in NHP PLIN1
- Specificity category: For human and NHP: AS2 or better, SS3 or better
- miRNA seeds: AS+SS strand: seed region not conserved in human, mouse, and rat and not present in >4 species. AS strand: seed region not identical to seed region of known human miRNA
- Off-target frequency: ≤15 human off-targets matched with 2 mismatches by antisense strand
- SNPs: siRNA target sites do not harbor SNPs with a MAF≥1% (pos, 2-18)
The siRNA sequences in subset C were also selected for absence of seed regions in the AS or S strands that are identical to a seed region of known human miRNA to yield subset D. Subset D includes 62 siRNAs whose base sequences are shown in Table 7.
The siRNAs in subset D have the following characteristics:
-
- Cross-reactivity: With 19mer in human PLIN1 mRNA, with 17mer/19mer in NHP PLIN1
- Specificity category: For human and NHP: AS2 or better, SS3 or better
- miRNA seeds: AS+SS strand: seed region not conserved in human, mouse, and rat and not present in >4 species. AS+SS strand: seed region not identical to seed region of known human miRNA
- Off-target frequency: ≤20 human off-targets matched with 2 mismatches by antisense strand
- SNPs: siRNA target sites do not harbor SNPs with a MAF≥1% (pos, 2-18)
The siRNA sequences in subset D were further selected for more stringent specificity to yield subset E. Subset E includes 51 siRNAs whose base sequences are shown in Table 8.
The siRNAs in subset E have the following characteristics:
-
- Cross-reactivity: With 19mer in human PLIN1 mRNA, with 17mer/19mer in NHP PLIN1
- Specificity category: For human and NHP: AS2 or better, SS3 or better
- miRNA seeds: AS+SS strand: seed region not conserved in human, mouse, and rat and not present in >4 species. AS+SS strand: seed region not identical to seed region of known human miRNA
- Off-target frequency: ≤15 human off-targets matched with 2 mismatches by antisense strand
- SNPs: siRNA target sites do not harbor SNPs with a MAF≥1% (pos, 2-18)
Subset F includes 49 siRNAs. The siRNAs in subset F include siRNAs from subset A, and are included in Table 9. In some cases, the sense strand of any of the siRNAs of subset F comprises modification pattern 6S (Table 10). In some cases, the antisense strand of any of the siRNAs of subset F comprises modification pattern 7AS (Table 10). In some cases, the sense strand of any of the siRNAs of subset F contains an alternative modification pattern (Table 11). In some cases, the antisense strand of any of the siRNAs of subset F comprises modification pattern 7AS (Table 11). The siRNAs in subset F may comprise any other modification pattern(s). In Table 10 and Table 11, Nf (e.g. Af, Cf, Gf, Tf, or Uf) is a 2″ fluoro-modified nucleoside, n (e.g. a, c, g, t, or u) is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage.
Any siRNA among any of subsets A-H may comprise any modification pattern described herein. If a sequence is a different number of nucleotides in length than a modification pattern, the modification pattern may still be used with the appropriate number of additional nucleotides added 5′ or 3′ to match the number of nucleotides in the modification pattern. For example, if a sense or antisense strand of the siRNA among any of subsets A-F comprises 19 nucleotides, and a modification pattern comprises 21 nucleotides. UU may be added onto the 5′ end of the sense or antisense strand.
Example 4: Screening PLIN1 siRNAs for Activity in Human Cells in Culture
Chemically modified PLIN1 siRNAs cross reactive for human and non-human primate and derived from sequences in siRNA subset F (Table 9) will be assayed for PLIN1 mRNA knockdown activity in cells in culture. UACC-812 (ATCC® CRL-1897™) cells will be seeded in 96-well tissue culture plates at a cell density of 10,000 cells per well in Leibovitz's L-15 Medium (ATCC Catalog No, 30-2008) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum and incubated overnight in a water-jacketed, humidified incubator at 37° C. in an atmosphere composed of air. The PLIN1 siRNAs will be individually transfected into UACC-812 cells in duplicate wells at 10 nM final concentration using 0.3 μL Lipofectamine RNAiMax (Fisher) per well. Silencer Select Negative Control #1 (ThermoFisher, Catalog #4390843) will be transfected at 10 nM final concentration as a control. After incubation for 48 hours at 37° C. total RNA will be harvested from each well and cDNA prepared using TaqMan R Fast Advanced Cells-to-CT™ Kit (ThermoFisher. Catalog #A35374) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The level of PLIN1 mRNA from each well will be measured in triplicate by real-time qPCR on a QuantStudio™ 6 Pro Real-Time PCR System using TaqMan Gene Expression Assay for human PLIN1 (ThermoFisher, assay #Hs01106925_m1). The level of PPIA mRNA will be measured using TaqMan Gene Expression Assay (ThermoFisher, assay #Hs99999904_m1) and used to determine relative PLIN1 mRNA levels in each well using the delta-delta Ct method. All data will be normalized to relative PLIN1 mRNA levels in untreated UACC-812 cells.
Example 5: Determining the IC50 of PLIN1 siRNAs
The IC50 values for knockdown of PLIN1 mRNA by select PLIN1 siRNAs will be determined in UACC-812 (ATCC® CRL-1897™) cells. The siRNAs will be assayed individually at 30 nM, 10 nM, 3 nM, 1 nM and 0.3 nM, or 3 nM, 1 nM, 0.3 nM, 0.1 nM and 0.03 nM, or 30 nM, 10 nM, 3 nM, 1 nM, 0.3 nM, 0.1 nM and 0.03 nM. The UACC-812 cells will be seeded in 96-well tissue culture plates at a cell density of 7,500 cells per well in DMEM (ATCC Catalog No, 30-2002) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum and incubated overnight in a water-jacketed, humidified incubator at 37° C. in an atmosphere composed of air plus 5% carbon dioxide. The PLIN1 siRNAs will be individually transfected into UACC-812 cells in triplicate wells using 0.3 μL Lipofectamine RNAiMax (Fisher) per well. After incubation for 48 hours at 37° C. total RNA will be harvested from each well and cDNA prepared using TaqMan R; Fast Advanced Cells-to-CT™ Kit (ThermoFisher. Catalog #A35374) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The level of PLIN1 mRNA from each well will be measured in triplicate by real-time qPCR on a QuantStudio™ 6 Pro Real-Time PCR System using TaqMan Gene Expression Assay for human PLIN1 (ThermoFisher, assay #Hs01106925_m1). The level of PPIA mRNA will be measured using TaqMan Gene Expression Assay (ThermoFisher, assay #Hs99999904_m1) and used to determine relative PLIN1 mRNA levels in each well using the delta-delta Ct method. All data will be normalized to relative PLIN1 mRNA levels in untreated UACC-812 cells. Curve fit will be accomplish using the [inhibitor]vs. response (three parameters) function in GraphPad Prism software.
Example 6: siRNA-Mediated Knockdown of PLIN1 in HepG2 Cells
siRNAs targeted to PLIN1 mRNA that downregulate levels of PLIN1 mRNA may lead to increased expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) mRNA and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) mRNA, when administered to the cultured human hepatocellular cell line HEPG2.
On Day 0, the HEPG2 cells are to be seeded at 150,000 cells/mL into a Falcon 24-well tissue culture plate (ThermoFisher Cat. No, 353047) at 0.5 mL per well.
On Day 1, PLIN1 siRNA and negative control siRNA master mixes are prepared. The PLIN1 siRNA master mix contains 350 μL of Opti-MEM (ThermoFisher Cat. No, 4427037—s1288 Lot No. AS02B02D) and 3.5 μL of a mixture of two PLIN1 siRNAs (10 μM stock). The negative control siRNA master mix contains 350 μL of Opti-MEM and 3.5 μL of negative control siRNA (ThermoFisher Cat. No, 4390843, 10 μM stock). Next, 3 μL of TransIT-X2 (Mirus Cat. No. MIR-6000) is added to each master mix. The mixes are incubated for 15 minutes to allow transfection complexes to form, then 51 μL of the appropriate master mix+TransIT-X2 is added to duplicate wells of HEPG2 cells with a final siRNA concentration of 10) nM.
On Day 3, 48 hours post transfection, duplicate wells are lysed using the Cells-to-Ct kit according to the manufacturer's protocol (ThermoFisher Cat. No, 4399002) or using protein lysis buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors. For the Cells-to-Ct, cells are washed with 50 μL using cold 1×PBS and lysed by adding 49.5 μL of Lysis Solution and 0.5 μL DNase 1 per well and pipetting up and down 5 times and incubating for 5 minutes at room temperature. The Stop Solution (5 μL/well) is added to each well and mixed by pipetting up and down five times and incubating at room temperature for 2 minutes. The reverse transcriptase reaction is performed using 22.5 μL of the lysate according to the manufacturer's protocol. Samples are stored at −80° C. until real-time qPCR is performed in triplicate using TaqMan Gene Expression Assays (Applied Biosystems FAM/PLIN1. FAM/ATGL and FAM/HSL and using a BioRad CFX96 Cat. No, 1855195).
A decrease in PLIN1 mRNA expression in the HEPG2 cells is expected after transfection with the PLIN1 siRNAs compared to PLIN1 mRNA levels in HEPG2 cells transfected with the non-specific control siRNA 48 hours after transfection. There is an expected decrease in the amount of ATGL and HSL mRNA. These results will show that the PLIN1 siRNAs elicit knockdown of PLIN1 mRNA in HEPG2 cells and that the decrease in PLIN1 expression is correlated with a decrease in ATGL and HSL mRNAs. This will indicate that beneficial cardiometabolic effects may be obtained upon administration of PLIN1 siRNAs to mammalian subjects such as humans.
Example 7: ASO-Mediated Knockdown of PLIN1 in HepG2 Cells
ASOs targeted to PLIN1 mRNA that downregulate levels of PLIN1 mRNA may lead to increased expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) mRNA and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) mRNA, when administered to the cultured human hepatocellular cell line HEPG2.
On Day 0, the HEPG2 cells are to be seeded at 150.000 cells/mL into a Falcon 24-well tissue culture plate (ThermoFisher Cat. No, 353047) at 0.5 mL per well.
On Day 1, PLIN1 ASO and negative control ASO master mixes are prepared. The PLIN1 ASO master mix contains 350 μL of Opti-MEM (ThermoFisher Cat. No, 4427037-s1288 Lot No. AS02B02D) and 3.5 μL of a mixture of two PLIN1 ASOs (10 μM stock). The negative control ASO master mix contains 350 μL of Opti-MEM and 3.5 μL of negative control ASO (ThermoFisher Cat. No, 4390843, 10 μM stock). Next, 3 μL of TransIT-X2 (Mirus Cat. No. MIR-6000) is added to each master mix. The mixes are incubated for 15 minutes to allow transfection complexes to form, then 51 μL of the appropriate master mix+TransIT-X2 is added to duplicate wells of HEPG2 cells with a final ASO concentration of 10 nM.
On Day 3, 48 hours post transfection, duplicate wells are lysed using the Cells-to-Ct kit according to the manufacturer's protocol (ThermoFisher Cat. No, 4399002) or using protein lysis buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors. For the Cells-to-Ct, cells are washed with 50 μL using cold 1×PBS and lysed by adding 49.5 μL of Lysis Solution and 0.5 μL DNase 1 per well and pipetting up and down 5 times and incubating for 5 minutes at room temperature. The Stop Solution (5 μL/well) is added to each well and mixed by pipetting up and down five times and incubating at room temperature for 2 minutes. The reverse transcriptase reaction is performed using 22.5 μL of the lysate according to the manufacturer's protocol. Samples are stored at −80° C. until real-time qPCR is performed in triplicate using TaqMan Gene Expression Assays (Applied Biosystems FAM/PLIN1. FAM/ATGL and FAM/HSL and using a BioRad CFX96 Cat. No, 1855195).
A decrease in PLIN1 mRNA expression in the HEPG2 cells is expected after transfection with the PLIN1 ASOs compared to PLIN1 mRNA levels in HEPG2 cells transfected with the non-specific control ASO 48 hours after transfection. There is an expected decrease in the amount of ATGL and HSL mRNA. These results will show that the PLIN1 ASOs elicit knockdown of PLIN1 mRNA in HEPG2 cells and that the decrease in PLIN1 expression is correlated with a decrease in ATGL and HSL mRNAs. This will indicate that beneficial cardiometabolic effects may be obtained upon administration of PLIN1 ASOs to mammalian subjects such as humans.
Example 8: Inhibition of PLIN1 in a Mouse Model of Hyperlipidemia Using PLIN1 siRNAs or ASOs
In this experiment, a mouse model of hyperlipidemia and metabolic dysfunction is to be used to evaluate the effect of siRNA or ASO inhibition of PLIN1. The hyperlipidemia and metabolic dysfunction disease model utilizes APOE knockout mice that are fed a high fructose/fat/cholesterol diet to induce hyperlipidemia for 12 weeks prior to treatment. Metabolic status is monitored by measuring fasted serum triglycerides, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, glucose, ALT, AST and ALP.
Briefly, mice are divided into five groups: Group 1—a group treated with non-targeting control siRNA. Group 2—a group treated with non-targeting control ASO. Group 3—a group treated with PLIN1 siRNA1, Group 4—a group treated with PLIN1 ASO1, Group 5—a group treated with vehicle. Each group contains eight mice (4 males and 4 females).
Administration of siRNA or ASO is achieved with a 200 μL subcutaneous injection of siRNA or ASO resuspended in PBS at concentration of 10 μM. On Study Day 0. Group 1 mice are injected subcutaneously with non-targeting control siRNA. Group 2 mice are injected subcutaneously with non-targeting control ASO. Group 3 mice are injected subcutaneously with siRNA1 targeting mouse PLIN1, Group 4 mice are injected subcutaneously with ASO1 targeting mouse PLIN1, and Group 5 mice are injected subcutaneously with vehicle. Every 7 days after the first injection animals from each group will be dosed. Blood samples are taken twice per week: fasted serum triglycerides. LDL. HDL, total cholesterol, glucose. ALT. AST and ALP are measured.
Six weeks after the start of treatment, the mice are sacrificed by cervical dislocation following an intraperitoneal injection of 0.3 ml Nembutal (5 mg/ml) (Sigma Cat. No, 1507002). Final blood samples are collected, and livers are removed and a section placed in RNAlater for mRNA isolation.
mRNA is isolated from tissue placed in RNAlater solution using the PureLink kit according to the manufacturer's protocol (ThermoFisher Cat. No, 12183020). The reverse transcriptase reaction is performed according to the manufacturer's protocol. Samples are stored at −80° C. until real-time qPCR is performed in triplicate using TaqMan Gene Expression Assays (Applied Biosystems FAM/PLIN1 using a BioRad CFX96 Cat. No, 1855195).
A decrease in PLIN1 mRNA expression in the liver tissue from mice dosed with the PLIN1 siRNA1 or ASO1 is expected compared to PLIN1 mRNA levels in the liver tissue from mice dosed with the non-specific controls. There is an expected decrease in fasted serum triglycerides and an increase in fasted serum HDL in mice that receive the PLIN1 siRNA or ASO compared to the mice that receive the non-specific control. These results will show that the PLIN1 siRNA or ASO elicit knockdown of PLIN1 mRNA in liver tissue and that the decrease in PLIN1 expression is correlated with a decrease in fasted serum triglyceride and an increase in fasted serum HDL. These results will further indicate that beneficial cardiometabolic effects may be obtained upon administration of PLIN1 ASOs to primate subjects such as humans.
Example 9: siRNA-Mediated Knockdown of PLIN1 in Adipose Tissue in a Mice
4-7 week old ICR mice (Envigo Labs) mice in Group 1 (n=4) were given 100 μL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or given 500 μg of siRNA targeting mouse PLIN1 in 100 μL PBS by a single subcutaneous injection. The siRNA duplexes are depicted in Table 12, and each included a lipid moiety. In the table, Nf (e.g. Af, Cf, Gf, Tf, or Uf) is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside, n (e.g. a, c, g, t, or u) is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage, and “5Vp” is a 5′ vinylphosphonate. On Day 20, the mice were then euthanized and an abdominal white fat sample from each was collected and placed in RNAlater (ThermoFisher Cat #AM7020) until processing. Total fat RNA was prepared by hom*ogenizing the tissue in hom*ogenization buffer (Maxwell RSC simplyRNA Tissue Kit) using a Percellys 24 tissue hom*ogenizer (Bertin Instruments) set at 5000 rpm for two 10 second cycles. The hom*ogenate was centrifuged for 10′ at 16,000×g at 4C and the lower liquid layer was removed to a fresh tube. The sample was centrifuged two additional times, each time removing the lower liquid layer to a fresh tube. Total RNA from the lysate was purified on a Maxwell RSC 48 platform (Promega Corporation) according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Preparation of cDNA was performed using Quanta qScript cDNA SuperMix (VWR, Catalog #95048-500) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The relative levels of mouse PLIN1 mRNA were assessed by RT-qPCR in triplicate on a QuantStudio™ 6 Pro Real-Time PCR System using TaqMan assays for mouse PLIN1 (ThermoFisher, assay #Mm00558672_m1) and the mouse housekeeping gene PPIA (ThermoFisher, assay #Mm02342430_g1). Data were normalized to the level in animals receiving PBS.
The results are depicted in Table 13. Addition of 5′ vinylphosphonate (5Vp) resulted in increased potency and enabled delivery to adipose tissue.
Example 10: Knockdown of PLIN1 in Adipose Tissue of Mice Using Cholesterol-Conjugated SiRNA
4-6 week old ICR mice (Envigo Labs) mice in Group 1 (n=4) were given 100 μL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or 1.5 mg of a cholesterol-conjugated siRNA, ETD01510, targeting mouse PLIN1 in 100 μL PBS by subcutaneous injection. A separate group of mice were given ETD01510 by intravenous injection. The siRNA duplex ETD01510 is depicted in Table 14, and included a hydrophobic moiety. In the table, Nf (e.g. Af, Cf, Gf, Tf, or Uf) is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside, n (e.g. a, c, g, t, or u) is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage. On Day 9, the mice were then euthanized and an abdominal white fat sample from each was collected and placed in RNAlater (ThermoFisher Cat #AM7020) until processing. Total fat RNA was prepared by hom*ogenizing the tissue in hom*ogenization buffer (Maxwell RSC simplyRNA Tissue Kit) using a Percellys 24 tissue hom*ogenizer (Bertin Instruments) set at 5000 rpm for two 10 second cycles. The hom*ogenate was centrifuged for 10′ at 16,000×g at 4C and the liquid layer was removed to a fresh tube. The sample was centrifuged two additional times, each time removing the lower liquid layer to a fresh tube. Total RNA from the lysate was purified on a Maxwell RSC 48 platform (Promega Corporation) according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Preparation of cDNA was performed using Quanta qScript cDNA SuperMix (VWR, Catalog #95048-500) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The relative levels of mouse PLIN1 mRNA were assessed by RT-qPCR in triplicate on a QuantStudio™ 6 Pro Real-Time PCR System using TaqMan assays for mouse PLIN1 (ThermoFisher, assay #Mm00558672_m1) and the mouse housekeeping gene PPIA (ThermoFisher, assay #Mm02342430_g1). Data were normalized to the level in animals receiving PBS. The results are shown in Table 15. The cholesterol-conjugated siRNA ETD01510 reduced PLIN1 mRNA in adipose tissue in mice.
Example 11: Screening of siRNAs Targeting Human PLIN1 mRNA in Mice Transfected with AAV8-TBG-h-PLIN1
Several siRNAs designed to be cross-reactive with human and cynomolgus monkey PLIN1 mRNA were tested for activity in mice following transfection with an adeno-associated viral vector. The siRNAs were attached to the GalNAc ligand ETL1. The siRNA sequences are shown in Table 16, where “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside, “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage.
Six to eight week old female mice (C57Bl/6) were injected with 5 μL of a recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8) vector (1.8×10E13 genome copies/mL) by the retroorbital route on Day −14. The recombinant AAV8 contained the sequence of the human PLIN1 (NM_002666.5) under the control of the human thyroxine binding globulin promoter in an AAV2 backbone packaged in AAV8 capsid (AAV8-TBG-h-PLIN1). On Day 0, infected mice (n=5) were given a subcutaneous injection of a single 100 μg dose of a GalNAc-conjugated siRNA or PBS as vehicle control.
Mice were euthanized on Day 10 after subcutaneous injection and a liver sample from each was collected and placed in RNAlater (ThermoFisher Catalog #AM7020) until processing. Total liver RNA was prepared by hom*ogenizing the liver tissue in hom*ogenization buffer (Maxwell RSC simplyRNA Tissue Kit) using a Percellys 24 tissue hom*ogenizer (Bertin Instruments) set at 5000 rpm for two 10 second cycles. Total RNA from the lysate was purified on a Maxwell RSC 48 platform (Promega Corporation) according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Preparation of cDNA was performed using Quanta qScript cDNA SuperMix (VWR, Catalog #95048-500) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The relative levels of liver PLIN1 mRNA were assessed by RT-qPCR in triplicate on a QuantStudio™ 6 Pro Real-Time PCR System using TaqMan assays for human PLIN1 (ThermoFisher, assay #Hs01106925_m1) and the mouse housekeeping gene PPIA (ThermoFisher, assay #Mm02342430_g1) and PerfeCTa® qPCR FastMix®, Low ROX™ (VWR, Catalog #101419-222). Data were normalized to the mean PLIN1 mRNA level in animals receiving PBS. Results are shown in Table 17. Mice injected with ETD01754, ETD01755 or ETD01756 had reduced mean liver PLIN1 mRNA on Day 10 relative to mice receiving PBS.
Example 12: Screening of Additional siRNAs Targeting Human PLIN1 mRNA in Mice Transfected with AAV8-TBG-h-PLIN1
Additional siRNAs designed to be cross-reactive with human and cynomolgus monkey PLIN1 mRNA were tested for activity in mice following transfection with an adeno-associated viral vector. The siRNAs were attached to the GalNAc ligand ETL1 or ETL17. The siRNA sequences are shown in Table 18, where “Nf” is a 2′ fluoro-modified nucleoside, “n” is a 2′ O-methyl modified nucleoside, and “s” is a phosphorothioate linkage.
Six to eight week old female mice (C57Bl/6) were injected with 10 μL of a recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8) vector (1.7×10E13 genome copies/mL) by the retroorbital route on Day-14. The recombinant AAV8 contained the sequence of the human PLIN1 (NM_002666.5) under the control of the human thyroxine binding globulin promoter in an AAV2 backbone packaged in AAV8 capsid (AAV8-TBG-h-PLIN1). On Day 0, infected mice (n=4) were given a subcutaneous injection of a single 100 μg dose of a GalNAc-conjugated siRNA or PBS as vehicle control.
Mice were euthanized on Day 10 after subcutaneous injection and a liver sample from each was collected and placed in RNAlater (ThermoFisher Catalog #AM7020) until processing. Total liver RNA was prepared by hom*ogenizing the liver tissue in hom*ogenization buffer (Maxwell RSC simplyRNA Tissue Kit) using a Percellys 24 tissue hom*ogenizer (Bertin Instruments) set at 5000 rpm for two 10 second cycles. Total RNA from the lysate was purified on a Maxwell RSC 48 platform (Promega Corporation) according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Preparation of cDNA was performed using Quanta qScript cDNA SuperMix (VWR, Catalog #95048-500) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The relative levels of liver PLIN1 mRNA were assessed by RT-qPCR in triplicate on a QuantStudio™ 6 Pro Real-Time PCR System using TaqMan assays for human PLIN1 (ThermoFisher, assay #Hs01106925_m1) and the mouse housekeeping gene PPIA (ThermoFisher, assay #Mm02342430_g1) and PerfeCTa® qPCR FastMix®, Low ROX™ (VWR, Catalog #101419-222). Data were normalized to the mean PLIN1 mRNA level in animals receiving PBS. Results are shown in Table 19. All of the siRNAs tested caused a reduction in mean liver PLIN1 mRNA on Day 10 relative to mice receiving PBS. The siRNAs ETD01900, ETD01901 and ETD01902 gave the largest reductions in mean liver PLIN1 mRNA.
Example 13: Oligonucleotide Synthesis
Oligonucleotides such as siRNAs may be synthesized according to phosphoramidite technology on a solid phase. For example, a K & A oligonucleotide synthesizer may be used. Syntheses may be performed on a solid support made of controlled pore glass (CPG, 500 Å or 600 Å, obtained from AM Chemicals, Oceanside, CA, USA). All 2′-OMe and 2′-F phosphoramidites may be purchased from Hongene Biotech (Union City, CA, USA). All phosphoramidites may be dissolved in anhydrous acetonitrile (100 mM) and molecular sieves (3 Å) may be added, 5-Benzylthio-1H-tetrazole (BTT, 250 mM in acetonitrile) or 5-Ethylthio-1H-tetrazole (ETT, 250 mM in acetonitrile) may be used as activator solution. Coupling times may be 9-18 min (e.g, with a GalNAc such as ETL17), 6 min (e.g, with 2′OMe and 2′F). In order to introduce phosphorothioate linkages, a 100 mM solution of 3-phenyl 1,2,4-dithiazoline-5-one (POS, obtained from Poly Org, Inc., Leominster, Mass., USA) in anhydrous acetonitrile may be employed.
After solid phase synthesis, the dried solid support may be treated with a 1:1 volume solution of 40 wt. % methylamine in water and 28% ammonium hydroxide solution (Aldrich) for two hours at 30° C. The solution may be evaporated and the solid residue may be reconstituted in water and purified by anionic exchange HPLC using a TKSgel SuperQ-5PW 13u column. Buffer A may be 20 mM Tris, 5 mM EDTA, pH 9.0 and contained 20% Acetonitrile and buffer B may be the same as buffer A with the addition of 1 M sodium chloride. UV traces at 260 nm may be recorded. Appropriate fractions may be pooled then desalted using Sephadex G-25 medium.
Equimolar amounts of sense and antisense strand may be combined to prepare a duplex. The duplex solution may be prepared in 0.1×PBS (Phosphate-Buffered Saline, 1×, Gibco) The duplex solution may be annealed at 95° C., for 5 min, and cooled to room temperature slowly. Duplex concentration may be determined by measuring the solution absorbance on a UV-Vis spectrometer at 260 nm in 0.1×PBS. For some experiments, a conversion factor may be calculated from an experimentally determined extinction coefficient.
Example 14: GalNAc Ligand for Hepatocyte Targeting of Oligonucleotides
Without limiting the disclosure to these individual methods, there are at least two general methods for attachment of multivalent N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ligands to oligonucleotides: solid or solution-phase conjugations. GalNAc ligands may be attached to solid phase resin for 3″ conjugation or at the 5′ terminus using GalNAc phosphoramidite reagents. GalNAc phosphoramidites may be coupled on solid phase as for other nucleosides in the oligonucleotide sequence at any position in the sequence. Reagents for GalNAc conjugation to oligonucleotides are shown in Table 20.
In solution phase conjugation, the oligonucleotide sequence—including a reactive conjugation site—is formed on the resin. The oligonucleotide is then removed from the resin and GalNAc is conjugated to the reactive site.
The carboxy GalNAc derivatives may be coupled to amino-modified oligonucleotides. The peptide coupling conditions are known to the skilled in the art using a carbodiimide coupling agent like DCC (N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide). EDC (N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide) or EDC.HCl (N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and an additive like HOBt (1-hydroxy benztriazole). HOSu (N-hydroxysuccinimide). TBTU (N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)uronium tetrafluoroborate. HBTU (2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate) or HOAt (1-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole and common combinations thereof such as TBTU/HOBt or HBTU/HOAt to form activated amine-reactive esters.
Amine groups may be incorporated into oligonucleotides using a number of known, commercially available reagents at the 5′ terminus, 3′ terminus or anywhere in between.
Non-limiting examples of reagents for oligonucleotide synthesis to incorporate an amino group include:
-
- 5′ attachment:
- 6-(4-Monomethoxytritylamino)hexyl-(2-cyanoethyl)-(N,N-diisopropyl)-phosphoramidite CAS Number: 114616-27-2
- 5′-Amino-Modifier TEG CE-Phosphoramidite
- 10-(O-trifluoroacetamido-N-ethyl)-triethyleneglycol-1-[(2-cyanoethyl)-(N,N-diisopropyl)]-phosphoramidite
- 3′ attachment:
- 3′-Amino-Modifier Serinol CPG
- 3-Dimethoxytrityloxy-2-(3-(fluorenylmethoxy carbonylamino)propanamido)propyl-1-O-succinyl-long chain alkylamino-CPG (where CPG stands for controlled-pore glass and is the solid support)
- Amino-Modifier Serinol Phosphoramidite
- 3-Dimethoxytrityloxy-2-(3-(fluorenylmethoxy carbonylamino)propanamido)propyl-1-O-(2-cyanoethyl)-(N,N-diisopropyl)-phosphoramidite
Internal (base modified):
-
- Amino-Modifier C6 dT
- 5′-Dimethoxytrityl-5-[N-(trifluoracetylaminohexyl)-3-acrylamido]-2′-deoxyUridine,3′-[(2-cyanoethyl)-(N,N-diisopropyl)]-phosphoramidite. CAS Number: 178925-21-8
Solution phase conjugations may occur after oligonucleotide synthesis via reactions between non-nucleosidic nucleophilic functional groups that are attached to the oligonucleotide and electrophilic GalNAc reagents. Examples of nucleophilic groups include amines and thiols, and examples of electrophilic reagents include activated esters (e.g. N-hydroxysuccinimide, pentafluorophenyl) and maleimides.
Example 15: GalNAc Ligands for Hepatocyte Targeting of Oligonucleotides
Without limiting the disclosure to these individual methods, there are at least two general methods for attachment of multivalent N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ligands to oligonucleotides: solid or solution-phase conjugations. GalNAc ligands may be attached to solid phase resin for 3″ conjugation or at the 5′ terminus using GalNAc phosphoramidite reagents. GalNAc phosphoramidites may be coupled on solid phase as for other nucleosides in the oligonucleotide sequence at any position in the sequence. A non-limiting example of a phosphoramidite reagent for GalNAc conjugation to a 5′ end oligonucleotide is shown in Table 21.
The following includes examples of synthesis reactions used to create a GalNAc moiety: Scheme for the preparation of NAcegal-Linker-TMSOTf
General Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2A
To a solution of Compound 1A (500 g, 4.76 mol, 476 mL) in 2-Methyl-THF (2.00 L) is added CbzCl (406 g, 2.38 mol, 338 mL) in 2-Methyl-THF (750 mL) dropwise at 0° C. The mixture is stirred at 25° C., for 2 hrs under N2 atmosphere. TLC (DCM:MeOH=20:1, PMA) may indicate CbzCl is consumed completely and one new spot (Rf=0.43) formed. The reaction mixture is added HCl/EtOAc (1 N, 180 mL) and stirred for 30 mins, white solid is removed by filtration through celite, the filtrate is concentrated under vacuum to give Compound 2A (540 g, 2.26 mol, 47.5% yield) as a pale yellow oil and used into the next step without further purification, 1HNMR: δ 7.28-7.41 (m, 5H), 5.55 (br s, 1H), 5.01-5.22 (m, 2H), 3.63-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.46-3.59 (m, 4H), 3.29-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.83-3.02 (m, 1H).
General Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4A
To a solution of Compound 3A (1.00 kg, 4.64 mol, HCl) in pyridine (5.00 L) is added acetyl acetate (4.73 kg, 46.4 mol, 4.34 L) dropwise at 0° C. under N2 atmosphere. The mixture is stirred at 25° C., for 16 hrs under N2 atmosphere. TLC (DCM:MeOH=20:1, PMA) indicated Compound 3A is consumed completely and two new spots (Rf=0.35) formed. The reaction mixture is added to cold water (30.0 L) and stirred at 0° C., for 0.5 hr, white solid formed, filtered and dried to give Compound 4A (1.55 kg, 3.98 mol, 85.8% yield) as a white solid and used in the next step without further purification, 1H NMR: δ 7.90 (d, J=9.29 Hz, 1H), 5.64 (d, J=8.78 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (d, J=3.01 Hz, 1H), 5.06 (dd, J=11.29, 3.26 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (t, J=6.15 Hz, 1H), 3.95-4.16 (m, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.90 (s, 3H), 1.78 (s, 3H).
General Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5A
To a solution of Compound 4A (300 g, 771 mmol) in DCE (1.50 L) is added TMSOTf (257 g 1.16 mol, 209 mL) and stirred for 2 hrs at 60° C., and then stirred for 1 hr at 25° C. Compound 2A (203 g, 848 mmol) is dissolved in DCE (1.50 L) and added 4 Å powder molecular sieves (150 g) stirring for 30 mins under N2 atmosphere. Then the solution of Compound 4A in DCE is added dropwise to the mixture at 0° C. The mixture is stirred at 25° C., for 16 hrs under N2 atmosphere. TLC (DCM:MeOH=25:1, PMA) indicated Compound 4A is consumed completely and new spot (Rf=0.24) formed. The reaction mixture is filtered and washed with sat. NaHCO3 (2.00 L), water (2.00 L) and sat. brine (2.00 L). The organic layer is dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue is triturated with 2-Me-THE/heptane (5/3, v/v, 1.80 L) for 2 hrs, filtered and dried to give Compound 5A (225 g, 389 mmol, 50.3% yield, 98.4% purity) as a white solid, 1H NMR: δ 7.81 (d, J=9.29 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.42 (m, 6H), 5.21 (d, J=3.26 Hz, 1H), 4.92-5.05 (m, 3H), 4.55 (d, J=8.28 Hz, 1H), 3.98-4.07 (m, 3H), 3.82-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.62 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.53 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.14 (q, J=5.77 Hz, 2H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.89 (s, 3H), 1.77 (s, 3H).
General Procedure for Preparation of NAcegal-Linker-Tosylate Salt
To a solution of Compound 5A (200 g, 352 mmol) in THF (1.0 L) is added dry Pd/C (15.0 g, 10% purity) and TsOH (60.6 g, 352 mmol) under N2 atmosphere. The suspension is degassed under vacuum and purged with H2 several times. The mixture is stirred at 25° C., for 3 hrs under H2 (45 psi) atmosphere. TLC (DCM:MeOH=10:1, PMA) indicated Compound 5A is consumed completely and one new spot (Rf=0.04) is formed. The reaction mixture is filtered and concentrated (≤40° C.) under reduced pressure to give a residue. Diluted with anhydrous DCM (500 mL, dried overnight with 4 Å molecular sieves (dried at 300° C., for 12 hrs)) and concentrate to give a residue and run Karl Fisher (KF) to check for water content. This is repeated 3 times with anhydrous DCM (500 mL) dilutions and concentration to give NAcegal-Linker-TMSOTf (205 g, 95.8% yield, TsOH salt) as a foamy white solid, 1H NMR: δ 7.91 (d, J=9.03 Hz, 1H), 7.53-7.86 (m, 2H), 7.49 (d, J=8.03 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (d, J=8.03 Hz, 2H), 5.22 (d, J=3.26 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (dd, J=11.29, 3.26 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (d, J=8.53 Hz, 1H), 3.99-4.05 (m, 3H), 3.87-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.79-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.62 (m, 5H), 2.96 (br t, J=5.14 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.89 (s, 3H), 1.78 (s, 3H).
Scheme for the Preparation of TRIS-PEG2-CBZ
General Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5B
To a solution of Compound 4B (400 g, 1.67 mol, 1.00 eq) and NaOH (10 M, 16.7 mL, 0.10 eq) in THF (2.00 L) is added Compound 4B_2 (1.07 kg, 8.36 mol, 1.20 L, 5.00 eq), the mixture is stirred at 30° C., for 2 hrs. LCMS showed the desired MS is given. Five batches of solution are combined to one batch, then the mixture is diluted with water (6.00 L), extracted with ethyl acetate (3.00 L*3), the combined organic layer is washed with brine (3.00 L), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The crude is purified by column chromatography (SiO2, petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=100:1-10:1, Rf=0.5) to give Compound 5B (2.36 kg, 6.43 mol, 76.9% yield) as light yellow oil. HNMR: δ 7.31-7.36 (m, 5H), 5.38 (s, 1H), 5.11-5.16 (m, 2H), 3.75 (t, J=6.4 Hz), 3.54-3.62 (m, 6H), 3.39 (d, J=5.2 Hz), 2.61 (t, J=6.0 Hz).
General Procedure for Preparation of 3-oxo-1-phenyl-2,7,10-trioxa-4-azatridecan-13-oic Acid (Compound 2B Below)
To a solution of Compound 5B (741 g, 2.02 mol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (2.80 L) is added TFA (1.43 kg, 12.5 mol, 928 mL, 6.22 eq), the mixture is stirred at 25° C., for 3 hrs. LCMS showed the desired MS is given. The mixture is diluted with DCM (5.00 L), washed with water (3.00 L*3), brine (2.00 L), the combined organic layer is dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give Compound 2B (1800 g, crude) as light yellow oil. HNMR: δ 9.46 (s, 5H), 7.27-7.34 (m, 5H), 6.50-6.65 (m, 1H), 5.71 (s, 1H), 5.10-5.15 (m, 2H), 3.68-3.70 (m, 14H), 3.58-3.61 (m, 6H), 3.39 (s, 2H), 2.55 (s, 6H), 2.44 (s, 2H).
General Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3B
To a solution of Compound 2B (375 g, 999 mmol, 83.0% purity, 1.00 eq) in DCM (1.80 L) is added HATU (570 g, 1.50 mol, 1.50 eq) and DIEA (258 g, 2.00 mol, 348 mL, 2.00 eq) at 0° C., the mixture is stirred at 0° C., for 30 min, then Compound 1B (606 g, 1.20 mol, 1.20 eq) is added, the mixture is stirred at 25° C., for 1 hr. LCMS showed desired MS is given. The mixture is combined to one batch, then the mixture is diluted with DCM (5.00 L), washed with 1 N HCl aqueous solution (2.00 L*2), then the organic layer is washed with saturated Na2CO3 aqueous solution (2.00 L*2) and brine (2.00 L), the organic layer is dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give Compound 3B (3.88 kg, crude) as yellow oil.
General Procedure for Preparation of TRIS-PEG2-CBZ.
A solution of Compound 3B (775 g, 487 mmol, 50.3% purity, 1.00 eq) in HCl/dioxane (4 M, 2.91 L, 23.8 eq) is stirred at 25° C., for 2 hrs. LCMS showed the desired MS is given. The mixture is concentrated under vacuum to give a residue. Then the combined residue is diluted with DCM (5.00 L), adjusted to pH=8 with 2.5 M NaOH aqueous solution, and separated. The aqueous phase is extracted with DCM (3.00 L) again, then the aqueous solution is adjusted to pH=3 with 1 N HCl aqueous solution, then extracted with DCM (5.00 L*2), the combined organic layer is washed with brine (3.00 L), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The crude is purified by column chromatography (SiO2, DCM:MeOH=0:1-12:1, 0.1% HOAc, Rf=0.4). The residue is diluted with DCM (5.00 L), adjusted to pH=8 with 2.5 M NaOH aqueous solution, separated, the aqueous solution is extracted with DCM (3.00 L) again, then the aqueous solution is adjusted to pH=3 with 6 N HCl aqueous solution, extracted with DCM:MeOH=10:1 (5.00 L*2), the combined organic layer is washed with brine (2.00 L), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give a residue. Then the residue is diluted with MeCN (5.00 L), concentrated under vacuum, repeat this procedure twice to remove water to give TRIS-PEG2-CBZ (1.25 kg, 1.91 mol, 78.1% yield, 95.8% purity) as light yellow oil. 1HNMR: 400 MHZ, MeOD, δ 7.30-7.35 (5H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 3.65-3.70 (m, 16H), 3.59 (s, 4H), 3.45 (t, J=5.6 Hz), 2.51 (t, J=6.0 Hz), 2.43 (t, 6.4 Hz).
Scheme for the Preparation of TriNGal-TRIS-Peg2-Phosph 8c
TriGNal-TRIS-Peg2-Phosph 8c General Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3C
To a solution of Compound 1C (155 g, 245 mmol, 1.00 eq) in ACN (1500 mL) is added TBTU (260 g, 811 mmol, 3.30 eq), DIEA (209 g, 1.62 mol, 282 mL, 6.60 eq) and Compound 2C (492 g, 811 mmol, 3.30 eq, TsOH) at 0° C., the mixture is stirred at 15° C., for 16 hrs. LCMS showed the desired MS is given. The mixture is concentrated under vacuum to give a residue, then the mixture is diluted with DCM (2000 mL), washed with 1 N HCl aqueous solution (700 mL*2), then saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution (700 mL*2) and concentrated under vacuum. The crude is purified by column chromatography to give Compound 3C (304 g, 155 mmol, 63.1% yield, 96.0% purity) as a yellow solid.
General Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4C
Two batches solution of Compound 3C (55.0 g, 29.2 mmol, 1.00 eq) in MeOH (1600 mL) is added Pd/C (6.60 g, 19.1 mmol, 10.0% purity) and TFA (3.34 g, 29.2 mmol, 2.17 mL, 1.00 eq), the mixture is degassed under vacuum and purged with H2. The mixture is stirred under H2 (15 psi) at 15° C., for 2 hours. LCMS showed the desired MS is given. The mixture is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under vacuum to give Compound 4C (106 g, 54.8 mmol, 93.7% yield, 96.2% purity, TFA) as a white solid.
General Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5C
Two batches in parallel. To a solution of EDCI (28.8 g, 150 mmol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (125 mL) is added compound 4a (25.0 g, 150 mmol, 1.00 eq) dropwise at 0° C., then the mixture is added to compound 4 (25.0 g, 150 mmol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (125 mL) at 0° C., then the mixture is stirred at 25° C., for 1 hr. TLC (Petroleum ether:Ethyl acetate=3:1, Rf=0.45) showed the reactant is consumed and one new spot is formed. The reaction mixture is diluted with DCM (100 mL) then washed with aq. NaHCO3 (250 mL*1) and brine (250 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue is purified by column chromatography (SiO2, Petroleum ether:Ethyl acetate=100:1 to 3:1), TLC (SiO2, Petroleum ether:Ethyl acetate=3:1), Rf=0.45, then concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. Compound 5C (57.0 g, 176 mmol, 58.4% yield, 96.9% purity) is obtained as colorless oil and confirmed 1HNMR: EW33072-2-P1A, 400 MHZ, DMSO δ 9.21 (s, 1H), 7.07-7.09 (m, 2H), 6.67-6.70 (m, 2H), 3.02-3.04 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.90 (m, 2H)
General Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6
To a mixture of compound 3 (79.0 g, 41.0 mmol, 96.4% purity, 1.00 eq, TFA) and compound 6C (14.2 g, 43.8 mmol, 96.9% purity, 1.07 eq) in DCM (800 mL) is added TEA (16.6 g, 164 mmol, 22.8 mL, 4.00 eq) dropwise at 0° C., the mixture is stirred at 15° C., for 16 hrs. LCMS (EW33072-12-P1B, Rt=0.844 min) showed the desired mass is detected. The reaction mixture is diluted with DCM (400 mL) and washed with aq. NaHCO3 (400 mL*1) and brine(400 mL*1), then the mixture is diluted with DCM (2.00 L) and washed with 0.7 M Na2CO3 (1000 mL*3) and brine(800 mL*3), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue is used to next step directly without purification. Compound 6 (80.0 g, crude) is obtained as white solid and confirmed via 1HNMR: EW33072-12-P1A, 400 MHz, MeOD & 7.02-7.04 (m, 2H), 6.68-6.70 (m, 2H), 5.34-5.35 (s, 3H), 5.07-5.08 (d, J=4.00 Hz, 3H), 4.62-4.64 (d, J=8.00 Hz, 3H), 3.71-4.16 (m, 16H), 3.31-3.70 (m, 44H), 2.80-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.68 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.47 (m, 10H), 2.14 (s, 9H), 2.03 (s, 9H), 1.94-1.95 (d, J=4.00 Hz, 18H).
General Procedure for Preparation of TriGNal-TRIS-Peg2-Phosph 8c
Two batches are synthesized in parallel. To a solution of compound 6C (40.0 g, 21.1 mmol, 1.00 eq in DCM (600 mL) is added diisopropylammonium tetrazolide (3.62 g, 21.1 mmol, 1.00 eq) and compound 7c (6.37 g, 21.1 mmol, 6.71 mL, 1.00 eq) in DCM (8.00 mL) drop-wise, the mixture is stirred at 30° C., for 1 hr, then added compound 7c (3.18 g, 10.6 mmol, 3.35 mL, 0.50 eq) in DCM (8.00 mL) drop-wise, the mixture is stirred at 30° C., for 30 mins, then added compound 7c (3.18 g, 10.6 mmol, 3.35 mL, 0.50 eq) in DCM (8.00 mL) drop-wise, the mixture is stirred at 30° C., for 1.5 hrs. LCMS (EW33072-17-P1C1, Rt=0.921 min) showed the desired MS+1 is detected. LCMS (EW33072-17-P1C2, Rt=0.919 min) showed the desired MS+1 is detected. Two batches are combined for work-up. The mixture is diluted with DCM (1.20 L), washed with saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution (1.60 L*2), 3% DMF in H2O (1.60 L*2), H2O (1.60 L*3), brine (1.60 L), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue is purified by column chromatography (SiO2, DCM:MeOH:TEA=100:3:2) TLC (SiO2, DCM:MeOH=10:1, Rf=0.45), then concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. Compound 8C (76.0 g, 34.8 mmol, 82.5% yield, 96.0% purity) is obtained as white solid and confirmed via 1HNMR: EW33072-19-PIC, 400 MHZ, MeOD δ 7.13-7.15 (d. J=8.50 Hz, 2H), 6.95-6.97 (dd, J=8.38, 1.13 Hz, 2H), 5.34 (d, J=2.88 Hz, 3H), 0.09 (dd, J=11.26, 3.38 Hz, 3H), 4.64 (d, J=8.50 Hz, 3H), 3.99-4.20 (m, 12H), 3.88-3.98 (m, 5H), 3.66-3.83 (m, 20H), 3.51-3.65 (m, 17H), 3.33-3.50 (m, 9H), 2.87 (t, J=7.63 Hz, 2H), 2.76 (t. J=5.94 Hz, 2H), 2.42-2.50 (m, 10H), 2.14 (s, 9H), 2.03 (s, 9H), 1.94-1.95 (d, J=6.13 Hz, 18H), 1.24-1.26 (d. J=6.75 Hz, 6H), 1.18-1.20 (d, J=6.75 Hz, 6H)
Example 16: Delivery to Central Nervous System Injection
siRNA's with modifications and hydrophobic conjugates as described are injected intracerebroventricularly or intrathecally according to published procedures (Alterman, J. F., Godinho, B. M. D. C., Hassler, M. R. et al. A divalent siRNA chemical scaffold for potent and sustained modulation of gene expression throughout the central nervous system. Nat Biotechnol 37, 884-894 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-019-0205-0, Njoo, C., Heinl, C., Kuner, R. In Vivo SiRNA Transfection and Gene Knockdown in Spinal Cord via Rapid Noninvasive Lumbar Intrathecal Injections in Mice. J. Vis. Exp. (85), e51229, doi: 10.3791/51229 (2014)), 14 days post injection, mice are euthanized, brain hemispheres are harvested, frozen, later hom*ogenized, and tested for PLIN1 mRNA and protein expression.
Example 17: Bullet Point Description of a Modified siRNA
An example PLIN1-targeting siRNA is as follows:
-
- 21 mer:
- a. 19 base pairs
- b. 2 nt overhangs
- antisense strand:
- a. vinyl phosphonate (VP) at 5′ end
- b. 2 phosphorothioate bonds (PS) at each end
- sense strand:
- a. hydrophobic group (C16-C18) at 5′ end
- b. optional 0-2 PS at 5′ end
- c. 2 PS at 3′ end
- modification pattern of 2′ fluoro and 2′ methyl groups.
- 21 mer:
Example 18: Modification Motif 1
An example PLIN1-targeting siRNA includes a combination of the following modifications:
-
- Position 9 (from 5′ to 3′) of the sense strand is 2′ F.
- If position 9 is a pyrimidine then all purines in the Sense Strand are 2′OMe, and 1-5 pyrimidines between positions 5 and 11 are 2′ F provided that there are never three 2′F modifications in a row.
- If position 9 is a purine then all pyrimidines in the Sense Strand are 2′OMe, and 1-5 purines between positions 5 and 11 are 2′ F provided that there are never three 2′F modifications in a row.
- Antisense strand odd-numbered positions are 2′OMe and even-numbered positions are a mixture of 2′ F, 2′OMe and 2′ deoxy.
Example 19: Modification Motif 2
An example PLIN1-targeting siRNA includes a combination of the following modifications:
-
- Position 9 (from 5′ to 3′) of the sense strand is 2′ deoxy.
- Sense strand positions 5, 7 and 8 are 2′ F.
- All pyrimidines in positions 10-21 are 2′ OMe, and purines are a mixture of 2′ OMe and 2′ F. Alternatively, all purines in positions 10-21 are 2′ OMe and all pyrimidines in positions 10-21 are a mixture of 2′ OMe and 2′ F.
- Antisense strand odd-numbered positions are 2′OMe and even-numbered positions are a mixture of 2′ F, 2′OMe and 2′ deoxy.
Example 20: Example siRNA Sequences
The base sequences of some example siRNAs are shown in Table 22.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that methods and compositions within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.
IV. Sequence Information
Some embodiments include one or more nucleic acid sequences in the following tables:
